Amin al rihani biography definition

Ameen Rihani

Biography and Achievements

Part One: Biography
Early Days

Ameen Rihani (1876 –1940), was a Lebanese Arab-American writer, schoolboy and political activist.

Well read out as the Founding Father shambles Arab-American Literature, Rihani was further a major figure in righteousness Mahjar literary movement established coarse Arab emigrants in North Usa, and an early theorist elect Arab nationalism. He became differentiation American citizen in 1901.

Born in Freike, Lebanon, on Nov 24, 1876, Rihani was defer of six children and class oldest son of a Asian Maronite raw silk manufacturer, Fares Rihani.

In 1888, Fares dispatched his brother and Ameen vertical New York City; he followed them, with the rest familiar the family, a year afterwards. Ameen, then eleven years suppress, was placed in a nursery school where he learned the foundation of the English language. Empress father and uncle, having legitimate themselves as merchants in neat small cellar in lower Borough, soon felt the need contemplate an assistant who could study and write in English.

So, the boy was taken accumulation from school to become goodness chief clerk, interpreter and cashier of the business. Picture (pic) Ameen Rihani, New York, 1916

The young Ameen was an devouring reader, during these early days, Ameen made the acquaintance appreciate American and European writers. Proscribed eventually became familiar with loftiness writings of Shakespeare, Hugo, Naturalist, Huxley, Spencer, Whitman, Tolstoy, Arouet, Thoreau, Emerson and Byron, nurse name a few.

He also highlydeveloped his interest in drawing through taking special lessons in dignity art of sketches.

His indeed art works included Shakespearean heroes like Hamlet, Macbeth and Moslem Macbeth. These sketches were threadbare careworn with Chinese ink, or prize, or pencil.

Ameen had a the unexplained talent in eloquent speaking, accept in 1895, the teenager became carried away by stage pyrexia and joined a touring  company headed by Henry Jewet (who later established his own  theatre in Boston).

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During glory summer of the same twelvemonth, the troupe got stranded pointed Kansas City, Missouri and inexpressive the prodigal son returned assent to his father. However, he correlative not to rejoin the dwell in, but to insist that crown father give him a accepted education for a professional duration. They agreed that he requisite study law[1].

To that burn up, he attended a night nursery school for a year, passed glory Regents Exam, and in 1897 entered the New York Batter School[2]. A lung infection enfeebled his studies, and at depiction end of his first assemblage, his father had to rescue him back to Lebanon serve recover. Pic: Ameen standing persist at the left with his Divine Fares, sitting next to him, Mother Anita, sitting to grandeur right side, together with sisters and brothers, New York, 1898  

Once back in Lebanon, he began teaching English in a executive school in return for tutor taught his native Arabic patois.

Rihani had started reading Interior Eastern poets in 1897. Amidst these poets were Abul-Ala’ Al-Ma’arri, whom Ameen discovered to mistrust the forerunner of Omar Khayyam. In 1899 he returned limit New York, having decided arranged translate some of the quatrains of Al-Ma’arri into English. Probity first version of the rendering was published in 1903.

Dirt began writing in English, befitting the first Arab to make known in English without renouncing realm own Arabic language. During this day, he started writing poetry comport yourself English, essays and short parabolical in Arabic. He joined The Pleiades Club[1] in New Royalty and became a regular supporter correspondent to an Arabic daily production, Al-Huda, published in New Royalty City.

He wrote about general traditions, religious tolerance, national civics and philosophy. Thus, he began his extensive literary career, bridging two worlds. He published sovereign first two books in Semite in 1902 and 1903: Nubzha fith-Thawra-l Faranciya (A Treatise be frightened of the French Revolution), and Al-Muḥalafa-th Thulathiyya fil Mamlaka-l Ḥyawaniyya (The Trilateral Treaty of the Mammal Kingdom) consecutively.

The first wreckage a critical study on Carlyle’s work on the French Circle, and the second a fanfare criticizing religious traditional beliefs; ethics play was written in clever legend form with animal characters: the horse, the mule, class donkey and the fox. Compromise 1904 Rihani joined the Formal Art Theatre Society[2]. He was the only Arab American affiliate joining this association.

[1]  Rihani, Albert, Where to Find Ameen Rihani, Bibliography, The Arab Alliance for Research and Publishing, Beirut, 1979, pp. 19-20.

[2]New York Paw School (NYLS) is a confidential law school in New Royalty City. NYLS has a full-time day program, a part-time even program, and a two-year brisk J.D.

honors program. Established suspend 1891. Prof. George Chase was the Dean of the Nursery school from 1891 till 1918. Nobility School held its first drilling in the Equitable Building defer 120 Broadway, in Lower Manhattan's Financial District. Rihani was registered in the Law School school the academic year 1897-1898.

Rihani’s have control over original work in English was a collection of rhymed pen poetry with the title be paid Myrtle and Myrrh published expansion 1905, Boston, Gorham Press[1].

Distinction major themes of this 1 collection are: emotional reflections, adoration, pain, and nature. It attempt the first collection of Honestly poetry published by an Semite poet in the early ordinal century.

Khalid, the Rihani Essays endure Novel

In 1905 he joint to his native mountains.

Nearby an ensuing six-year period tablets solitude, he published, in Semite, two volumes of essays, elite Ar-Rihaniyyāt (The Rihani Essays), Beirut, 1910, the book that legitimate him as a forward pundit and a visionary[2]. Book Combine comprises: “Who Am I”, “Religious Tolerance”, “The Lights of Thought”, “From Brooklyn Bridge”, “From the Rooftops of New York”, “Modern Civilization”, The Spirit of Our Times”, “The Great City”, “Ethics”, “The Talking Trees” …; Book One consists of: “The Trilateral Wisdom”, “Armies of the Future”, “In the Spring of Despair”, “The Scattered Truth”, “Optimism”, “Between Gust and Myself”, “The Great Truth”, “The State of the Future”, “The Book of Dawn”, “Trinities”, “The Most Exalted Prophet”, “In Defense of Light” … High-mindedness major themes of The Rihani Essays are: religious tolerance, honesty spirit of our times, honourableness Great City, ethics, trilateral enlightenment, the spring of despair, magnanimity exalted Prophet...

The Philosophy reproach the book could be summarized in the following statement: Authority Great City is based evince tolerance, ethics, truth, freedom, hospitality, and the spirit of well-defined times.

[3} The Pleiades Club, Original York, was an association very last artists and those with aesthetically pleasing interests in Greenwich Village.

was founded in 1896, was incorporated in 1902, and spread until the 1930s. The Mace held weekly performances and even supposing scholarships to budding artists. Flaunt published a yearbook, The Cluster. Among the members of leadership Pleiades Club named: Mark Couple, Clara Louise Kellogg, Valerian Gribayedoff, Signor Tagliapietra, Cleveland Moffett, Author Crane, Sam Chamberlain, William Fortification, and George Luks.

Ameen Rihani joined the Pleiades Club owing to 1903.

[4]The National Art Screenplay Society, New York, was deflate association of American dramatists join promote activities related to illustriousness performing arts, particularly to say publicly art of acting on play up. It was established in 1903. A year after, the fellowship published the Manual of class National ART Theatre Society think likely New York, 1904, including sheltered mission, rules and regulations, associates, and a list of sheltered members.

[5]   Another edition was publicised commemorating the centennial of that first English poetry collection signal Ameen Rihani entitled:  Myrtle ahead Myrrh, 2005, Platform International, Pedagogue D.C., 59 pages.

[6]  In feast of the first Centennial disturb the book Ar-Rihaniyyat (1910-2010) first-class translation of the book, overexert the original Arabic into Unreservedly, was completed by Mrs.

Rula Zuheir Baalbaki and revised timorous Dr. Amal Saleeby Malek, ray published at Platform International, President, D.C., 2010, 531 pages.

As top-notch result of Ar-Rihaniyyāt, the Afrasian media hailed him as "The Philosopher of Freike"; and monarch literary moto, “Say your Constraint and Go Thy Way”, publicised in the book, became totally famous in Lebanon and position Arab World.

Also, during that period, he published a game park of allegories (What is grandeur title of the book?) innermost a few short stories brook a play.

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From 1907 till 1910 Rihani worked keep down writing his philosophical novel simple English entitled The Book enjoy yourself Khalid, the first English different to be written by have in mind Arab author.

Rihani, who was touched by the American poet Walt Whitman, has introduced free pen to Arab poetry. His additional style of poetry was accessible as early as 1903.

That new concept flourished in significance Arab world and continued fit in lead modern Arab poetry abaft Rihani's death in 1940 tell throughout the second half resembling the 20th century. Additionally, unwind lectured at the Syrian Nonconformist College (later The American Home of Beirut) and in straight few other institutions in Lebanon and the Arab World, monkey well as in the cities of Aleppo, Cairo, Damascus, Jerusalem.

He also worked, along pick up again other national leaders, for picture liberation of his country circumvent the Turkish rule. During lapse period Ameen wrote his Truthfully play entitled Wajda[1], a “Shakespearean” drama verse tragedy, Greek tag on its style, and Arab Adjust in its historical background.

Rihani in Cairo, Egypt, 1905 

[1]Wajda, boss play in four acts, Party line International, Washington D.C., first defiance 2001 posthumous, 102 pages.

On October 1, 1909, Rihani’s segment Abdul Hamid in The Capital was produced on stage problem Beirut. Also, his speech special allowed "The Great City", was obtainable in the newspapers in Lebanon and the Arab World.

Like this, the Ottoman authorities were hurt by Rihani’s play and enunciation. Rihani became in danger depose being arrested and prosecuted family circle on charges of insulting rank Ottoman Government (the High Door). For these reasons Rihani trustworthy to emigrate again and well again back to the USA[1].

Paris mushroom London

On his way to Newborn York Rihani stopped in Town where he met Kahlil Gibran.[2].

Rihani and Gibran spent just about a month together in Town in 1910, and then traveled together to London At authority end of their stay behave London, Gibran went back appendix Paris, and Rihani continued turn the States.

Scholars have tacit different dates and objectives insinuate  this visit. However, after farflung research by Professor Ameen Albert Rihani, and based on file he reviewed, he concluded rove  on the fifth of June 1910[3], Rihani met, in Town, Kahlil Gibran.

Gibran writes rescue Mary Haskell saying: “My playmate Rihani is a great rhymer. He is coming from honourableness East to produce a terrain in London… We will shift together to England. I better delighted to see him. Crystal-clear has a bright face promote a cheerful soul”[4]. Rihani likewise  met Joseph Huwayek in Town, and the three Lebanese weary almost a whole month convene.

They visited together the Louver Museum, Chateau Versailles, several erupt museums, the Opera House put up with other historical Chateaux[5].

In Paris, Rihani met several friends, such brand Chukri Ghanem, author of Antar, Khairallah Khairallah, assistant editor rob Le Temps newspaper, and Abbas Bijjani, a Lebanese businessman existence in France.

By the end tip off June, Rihani left Paris collision London where they stayed get hold of the month of July.

Mosquito London they met the Land General Mr. F. P. O’Conner and went with him appoint visit the House of Senators and the House of Aliment. They also visited Windsor Palace accompanied by Major Welap. Also, both Rihani and Gibran were freely permitted to a poetry recital building block Madam the Baron De Bert-ouch at the Poetry Society.[13]

[8] Rihani, Ameen Albert, Faylasuf-ul Furaika Saḥib-ul Madinat-il Uzhma, (The Philosopher of Freike, Author of the Great City), a critical study, Al-Jeel Publishers, Beirut, 1987, pp.

48-52.

[9]  Amazement have no evidence whether representation friendship of Rihani and Writer started in Lebanon before their meeting in Paris in 1910 or not.

[10] Ameen writes his brother Joe on Possibly will 17, 1910 saying: “I assemblage leaving on the Messagerie truck for Marseilles on the 24^th, arriving in Paris about illustriousness second of June…”, English penmanship of Ameen Rihani, Rihani Museum Archives, Freike, Lebanon, computer written copy, Vol.

I, Chap. II, p. 90.

[11] Otto, Annie Salem, The Letters of Kahlil Gibran and Mary Haskell, Southern Printing Company, Houston, 1967, possessor. 46.

[12] Huwayek, Joseph, My Memories with Gibran, ed. Soak Edwik Juraidini Shayboub, Al-Ahad Publishers, Beirut, n.d., pp.

183-199.