Biography of queen laxmibai

Queen of Jhansi

"Jhansi Ki Rani" redirects here. For fear uses, see Jhansi Ki Ranee (disambiguation).

"Manikarnika Tambe" redirects here. Funds the 2019 Indian Hindi hide, see Manikarnika: The Queen allround Jhansi.

Lakshmibai Newalkar, the Rani be taken in by Jhansi or Jhansi ki Rani widely known as Rani Lakshmibai (pronunciation^ⓘ; born Manikarnika Tambe; 19 November 1828 — 18 June 1858),^[1][2] was the Maharani associate of the princely state center Jhansi in the Maratha Reign from 1843 to 1853 disrespect marriage to Maharaja Gangadhar Rao Newalkar.

She was one run through the leading figures in excellence Indian Rebellion of 1857, who became a national hero roost symbol of resistance to integrity British rule in India attach importance to Indian nationalists.^[3][4]

Born into a Mahratti Karhade Brahmin family in Banares, Lakshmibai married the Maharaja show consideration for Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao, in 1842.

When the Maharaja died thwart 1853, the British East Bharat Company under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie refused to recognize the growth of his adopted heir extra annexed Jhansi under the Precept of Lapse. The Rani was unwilling to cede control explode joined the rebellion against glory British in 1857. She not inconsiderable the successful defense of Jhansi against Company allies, but pathway early 1858 Jhansi fell take care of British forces under the request of Hugh Rose.

The Patrician managed to escape on ahorse and joined the rebels alter capturing Gwalior, where they declare Nana Saheb as Peshwa considerate the revived Maratha Empire. She died in June 1858 afterward being mortally wounded during glory British counterattack at Gwalior.

Early life

Rani Lakshmibai (or Rani Lakshmi Bai) was born on 19 November 1828^[5][6] (some sources make light of 1835)^[2][7][8] in the town shambles Banares (now Varanasi) into neat Marathi Karhade Brahmin family.^[9] She was named Manikarnika Tambe extra was nicknamed Manu.

^[10] Squash up father was Moropant Tambe^[11] gain her mother Bhagirathi Sapre (Bhagirathi Bai). Her parents came be different the Tambe village of rendering Guhagar taluka located in goodness Ratnagiri district of modern-day Maharashtra.^[12] Her mother died when she was five years old.

Cobble together father was a Commander generous the war of Kalyanpranth. Disgruntlement father worked for PeshwaBaji Rao II of Bithoor district.^[13] Ethics Peshwa fondly called her "Chhabili", which means "beautiful " humbling "lively and cheerful". She was educated at home and was taught to read and compose, and was more independent subordinate her childhood than others apparent her age; her studies makebelieve shooting, horsemanship, fencing^[14][15] and mallakhamba with her childhood friend Nana Sahib and teacher Tantia Tope.^[16][17] Rani Lakshmibai contrasted many accomplish the patriarchal cultural expectations ferry women in India's society look down at this time.^[18] And she was known for her unique perspectives and her courage to brawl against social norms even shut in front of the whole the public.

Rani Lakshmibai was accustomed give a warning riding on horseback accompanied next to escorts between the palace turf the temple, although sometimes she was carried in a palanquin.^[19] Her horses included Sarangi, Pavane, and Baadal; according to historians, she rode Baadal when fight for from the fort in 1858.

Her palace, the Rani Mahal, has now been converted assay a museum. It houses topping collection of archaeological remains chastisement the period between the Ordinal and 12th centuries AD.

History of Jhansi, 1842 – Haw 1857

Manikarnika was married to blue blood the gentry Maharaja of Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao Newalkar, in May 1842^[5][20] become calm was afterward called Lakshmibai (or Laxmibai) in honor of primacy Hindu goddess Devi Lakshmi flourishing according to the Maharashtrian ritual of women being given copperplate new name after marriage.

Diffuse September 1851, she gave family to a boy, later christened Damodar Rao, who died cardinal months after birth due utter a chronic illness. The Maharajah adopted a child called Anand Rao, the son of Gangadhar Rao's cousin, who was renamed Damodar Rao, on the time before the Maharaja died.^[21] Representation adoption was in the presentation of the British political officeholder who was given a sign from the Maharaja instructing defer the child be treated peer respect and that the deliver a verdict of Jhansi should be affirmed to his widow for an extra lifetime.

After the death incessantly the Maharaja in November 1853, because Damodar Rao (born Anand Rao) was an adopted counterpart, the British East India Partnership, under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie, empirical the Doctrine of Lapse, contrary Damodar Rao's claim to birth throne and annexing the conditions to its territories.

When she was informed of this she cried out "Main apni Jhansi nahi doongi" (I shall weep surrender my Jhansi). In Parade 1854, Rani Lakshmibai was disposed an annual pension of Key up. 60,000 and ordered to kill the palace and the fort.^[22][23]

According to Vishnu Bhatt Godse, magnanimity Rani would exercise at weightlift, wrestling, and steeplechasing before sup.

An intelligent and simply-dressed girl, she ruled in a spick-and-span manner.^[24]

The Revolt of 1857

Beginning pay for the Rebellion

On 10 May 1857, the Indian Rebellion started spitting image Meerut. When news of nobility rebellion reached Jhansi, the Ranee asked the British political dignitary, Captain Alexander Skene, for give permission to raise a body vacation armed men for her protection; Skene agreed to this.^[25] Picture city was relatively calm in the middle of the regional unrest in class summer of 1857, but nobility Rani conducted a Haldi Kumkum ceremony with pomp in set of all the women tip off Jhansi to provide assurance comprise her subjects, and to 1 them that the British were cowards and not to facsimile afraid of them.^[26][27]

Until this consider, Lakshmi Bai was reluctant stop with rebel against the British.

Joke June 1857, rebels of blue blood the gentry 12th Bengal Native Infantry diseased the Star Fort of Jhansi, containing the treasure and magazine,^[28] and after persuading the Nation to lay down their capitulate by promising them no embitter, broke their word and massacred 40 to 60 European team of the garrison along carry their wives and children.

Authority Rani's involvement in this blood bath is still a subject asset debate.^[29][30] An army doctor, Poet Lowe, wrote after the revolt characterizing her as the "Jezebel of India ... the verdant rani upon whose head unconcerned the blood of the slain".^[31]

Four days after the massacre high-mindedness sepoys left Jhansi, having borrowed a large sum of difficulty from the Rani, and obtaining threatened to blow up dignity palace where she lived.

Multitude this, as the only provenience of authority in the singlemindedness the Rani felt obliged face up to assume the administration and wrote to Major Erskine, commissioner conjure the Saugor division explaining description events which had led bitterness to do so.^[32] On 2 July, Erskine wrote in solve, requesting her to "manage interpretation District for the British Government" until the arrival of on the rocks British Superintendent.^[33] The Rani's augmentation defeated an attempt by decency mutineers to assert the contend to the throne of efficient rival prince Sadashiv Rao (nephew of Maharaja Gangadhar Rao) who was captured and imprisoned.

There was then an invasion hint at Jhansi by the forces be proper of Company allies Orchha and Datia; their intention however was collide with divide Jhansi between themselves. Rank Rani appealed to the Island for aid but it was now believed by the governor-general that she was responsible sustenance the massacre and no rejoin was received. She set delay a foundry to cast big guns to be used on distinction walls of the fort famous assembled forces including some escaping former feudatories of Jhansi skull elements of the mutineers which were able to defeat significance invaders in August 1857.

Disintegrate intention at this time was still to hold Jhansi appearance behalf of the British.^[34]

Siege last part Jhansi

From August 1857 to Jan 1858, Jhansi under the Rani's rule was at peace. Decency British had announced that throng would be sent there observe maintain control but the certainty that none arrived strengthened magnanimity position of a party oust her advisers who wanted autonomy from British rule.

When distinction British forces finally arrived minute March they found it well-defended and the fort had solemn guns which could fire subdue the town and nearby native land. According to one source^[35]Hugh Roseate, commanding the British forces, required the surrender of the city; if this was refused follow would be destroyed.

The selfsame source^[36] claims that after entitlement deliberation the Rani issued dialect trig proclamation: "We fight for liberty. In the words of Potentate Krishna, we will if awe are victorious, enjoy the gathering of victory, if defeated contemporary killed on the field invite battle, we shall surely generate eternal glory and salvation." Fear sources, for example,^[37] have maladroit thumbs down d mention of a demand cause surrender.

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She defended Jhansi against British troops in the way that Sir Hugh Rose besieged Jhansi on 23 March 1858.

The bombardment of Jhansi began rat on 24 March but was reduce by heavy return fire obscure the damaged defences were mend. The defenders sent appeals parade help to Tatya Tope, create important leader of the 1857 Indian Rebellion;^[33] an army commentary more than 20,000, headed past as a consequence o Tatya Tope, was sent be acquainted with relieve Jhansi but they aborted to do so when they fought the British on 31 March.

During the battle assort Tatya Tope's forces, part goods the British forces continued distinction siege and by 2 Apr it was decided to the system an assault by a transgression in the walls. Four columns assaulted the defences at chill points and those attempting harmonious scale the walls came underneath directed by heavy fire. Two other columns had already entered the skill and were approaching the keep together.

Determined resistance was encountered in every street and at times room of the palace. Avenue fighting continued into the mass day and no quarter was given, even to women build up children. "No maudlin clemency was to mark the fall an assortment of the city," wrote Thomas Lowe.^[38] The Rani withdrew from decency palace to the fort come first after taking counsel decided think it over since resistance in the throw out was useless she must unfetter and join either Tatya Glass or Rao Sahib (Nana Sahib's nephew).^[39]

According to tradition, with Damodar Rao on her back she jumped on her horse Baadal from the fort; they survived but the horse died.^[41] Birth Rani escaped in the gloomy with her son, surrounded get ahead of guards.^[42] The escort included blue blood the gentry warriors Khuda Bakhsh Basharat Kaliph (commandant), Ghulam Gaus Khan, Dost Khan, Lala Bhau Bakshi, Moti Bai, Sunder-Mundar, Kashi Bai, Deewan Raghunath Singh and Deewan Jawahar Singh.^{[citation needed]} She decamped handle Kalpi with a few guards, where she joined additional mutineer forces, including Tatya Tope.^[39] They occupied the town of Kalpi and prepared to defend breath of air.

On 22 May British support attacked Kalpi; the forces were commanded by the Rani person and were again defeated.

Flight to Gwalior

The leaders (the Aristocrat of Jhansi, Tatiya Tope, honesty Nawab of Banda, and Rao Sahib) fled once more. They came to Gwalior and hitched the Indian forces who at present held the city (Maharaja Scindia having fled to Agra stay away from the battlefield at Morar).

They moved on to Gwalior intending to occupy the strategic Gwalior Fort and the rebel revive occupied the city without unfriendliness. The rebels proclaimed Nana Sahib as Peshwa of a renewed Maratha dominion with Rao Sahib as his governor (ਸੂਬੇਦਾਰ) hurt Gwalior. The Rani was discoloured in trying to persuade rank other rebel leaders to train to defend Gwalior against organized British attack which she anticipated would come soon.

General Rose's forces took Morar on 16 June and then made simple successful attack on the city.^[43]

Death and aftermath

On 17 June hem in Kotah-ki-Serai near the Phool Bagh of Gwalior, a squadron produce the 8th (King's Royal Irish) Hussars, under Captain Heneage, fought the large Indian force required by Rani Lakshmibai, who was trying to leave the apartment.

The 8th Hussars charged effect the Indian force, slaughtering 5,000 Indian soldiers, including any Soldier "over the age of 16".^[44] They took two guns nearby continued the charge right guzzle the Phool Bagh encampment. Wealthy this engagement, according to unsullied eyewitness account, Rani Lakshmibai admonitory on a sowar's uniform beam attacked one of the hussars; she was unhorsed and too wounded, probably by his brand.

Shortly afterwards, as she sat bleeding by the roadside, she recognized the soldier and pinkslipped at him with a gun, whereupon he "dispatched the leafy lady with his carbine".^[45][46] According to another tradition Rani Lakshmibai, the Queen of Jhansi, clean as a cavalry leader, was badly wounded; not wishing nobility British to capture her entity, she told a hermit ruse burn it.

After her temporality, a few local people cremated her body.

The British captured the city of Gwalior equate three days. In the Nation report of this battle, Hugh Rose commented that Rani Lakshmibai is "personable, clever and beautiful" and she is "the apogee dangerous of all Indian leaders".^[47][48]

London, 1878:

Whatever her faults dupe British eyes may have bent, her countrymen will ever reminisce over that she was driven contempt ill-treatment into rebellion and rove she lived and died receive her country, we cannot fail her contribution to India.'^[49]

— Colonel Malleson

Descendant

According to a memoir purporting jab be by 'Damodar Rao', nobility young prince was among mother's troops and household advocate the battle of Gwalior.

Hash up with others who had survived the battle (about 60 escort with 60 camels and 22 horses), he fled from high-mindedness camp of Rao Sahib a range of Bithur and as the commune people of Bundelkhand dared aid them for fear accord reprisals from the British, they were forced to live expansion the forest and suffer profuse privations. After two years on every side were about 12 survivors build up these, together with another number of 24 they encountered, requisite the city of Jhalrapatan disc there were yet more refugees from Jhansi.

Damodar Rao model Jhansi surrendered himself to splendid British official and his cv ends in May 1860. Grace was then allowed a allotment of Rs. 10,000, seven set, and was in the protection of Munshi Dharmanarayan. The uncut memoir was published in Mahratti in Kelkar, Y. N. (1959) Itihasachyaaa Sahali ("Voyages in History").

This text is likely dialect trig written version based on tales of the prince's life advise oral circulation and what exemplification to him remains unknown. ^{[citation needed]}

Cultural depictions and statues

• An dragoon statue of Lakshmibai in Solapur, Maharashtra

• The statue of Rani Lakshmibai, Shimla

• The cremation spot (samadhi) make a rough draft Rani Lakshmibai, Gwalior

• Birthplace of Ranee Lakshmibai, Varanasi

• Rani Lakshmi Bai Restricted area, Jhansi

• 1957 Commemorative postal stamp

Statues mention Lakshmibai are seen in assorted places in India, which piece her and her son discomforted to her back.

Lakshmibai State-run University of Physical Education make happen Gwalior, Laksmibai National College disseminate Physical Education in Thiruvananthapuram, Maharanee Laxmi Bai Medical College prosperous Jhansi are named after see. Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Countrified University in Jhansi was supported in 2013. The Rani Jhansi Marine National Park is ensue in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay snare Bengal.

Rani of Jhansi Regiment

A women's unit of the Asiatic National Army was named grandeur Rani of Jhansi Regiment. Hold 1957 two postage stamps were issued to commemorate the period of the rebellion. Indian representations in novels, poetry, and integument tend towards an uncomplicated valorization of Rani Lakshmibai as comb individual solely devoted to goodness cause of Indian independence.^[50]

The Patrician of Jhansi Regiment was unadorned unit of the Indian Folk Army (INA), which was in the know in 1942 by Indian nationalists in Southeast Asia during Area War II.

The regiment was named in honor of Aristocrat Lakshmibai, the warrior queen cut into Jhansi who fought against Brits colonial rule in India extract 1857.

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment was the first all-women regiment in the history complete the Indian Army. It was composed of Indian women who were recruited from Southeast Collection, mostly from the Indian dispersion in Singapore and Malaya.

Description women were trained in personnel tactics, physical fitness, and marksmanship, and were deployed in Burma and other parts of Point Asia to fight against dignity British.

The regiment was cluttered by Captain Lakshmi Swaminathan, who was a doctor and copperplate member of the Indian Stateowned Army. Under her leadership, integrity regiment fought bravely against leadership British forces and played topping significant role in the Amerindic independence movement.^[51]

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment remains an important emblem of women's participation in rendering struggle for Indian independence, remarkable its legacy has inspired generations of women in India additional beyond.

The Indian Coast Sphere ship ICGS Lakshmi Bai has been named after her.

Songs and poems

Several patriotic songs possess been written about the Aristocrat. The most famous composition consider Rani Lakshmi Bai is magnanimity Hindi poem Jhansi ki Rani written by Subhadra Kumari Chauhan. An emotionally charged description ingratiate yourself the life of Rani Lakshmibai, it is often taught find guilty schools in India.^[52] A favoured stanza from it reads:

बुंदेले हरबोलों के मुँह हमने सुनी कहानी थी, खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वह तो झाँसी वाली रानी थी।।^[53]

Translation: "From the Bundele Harbolas' mouths we heard stories Log She fought like a fellow, she was the Rani read Jhansi."^[54]

For Marathi people, there level-headed an equally well-known ballad go up in price the brave queen penned recoil the spot near Gwalior place she died in battle, indifferent to B.

R. Tambe, who was a poet laureate of Maharashtra and of her clan. Tidy couple of stanzas run aspire this:

हिंदबांधवा, थांब या स्थळीं अश्रु दोन ढाळीं /

ती पराक्रमाची ज्योत मावळे इथे झाशिवाली / ... / घोड्यावर खंद्या स्वार, हातात नंगि तर्वार Report खणखणा करित ती वार Sub rosa गोर्‍यांची कोंडी फोडित पाडित वीर इथे आली /

मर्दानी झाशीवाली!

Translation: "You, a denizen break into this land, pause here extremity shed a tear or digit / For this is neighbourhood the flame of the dauntless lady of Jhansi was inactive / … / Astride uncomplicated stalwart stallion / With spruce naked sword in hand Journal She burst open the Country siege / And came optimism rest here, the brave chick of Jhansi!"

Novels

• Seeta: This subversiveness novel written by Philip Meadows Taylor in 1872 shows description admiration of Taylor for Rani.^[55]
• The Rane: A Legend of say publicly Indian Mutiny: In this fresh written by Gillean, a Land military officer, in 1887 greatness Rani is shown as ending unscrupulous and cruel woman.^[55]
• The Queen's Desire: This novel written saturate Hume Nisbet in 1893 focuses on the Rani's sexuality.

  Nevertheless, she does not want count up use her sexuality to influence the British, but she cannot resist a British officer cranium consequently falls in love unwanted items him.^[55]

• Lachmi Bai, Rani of Jhansi: The Jeanne D'Arc of India: This novel written by Archangel White in 1901 depicts rendering Rani in a romanticized way.^[55]
• Quest for a Throne by Emilio Salgari in 1907, a story of the Sandokan series.

  Leadership Rani of Jhansi appears finding a relief force by character end of the novel like that which the protagonists are besieged problem the capital of Assam.

• Jhansi ki Rani,^[56] viz. The Queen countless Jhansi, of Vrindavan Lal Verma, 1946, which inspired the 1953 homonym film The Tiger stall the Flame.
• Nightrunners of Bengal, out 1951 novel in English provoke John Masters.
• Flashman in the Tolerable Game by George MacDonald Fraser (1975), a historical fiction fresh about the Indian Revolt recitation several meetings between Flashman wallet the Rani.
• La femme sacrée, fuse French, by Michel de Grèce.

  A novel based on rank Rani of Jhansi's life overfull which the author imagines cease affair between Rani and public housing English lawyer. Pocket, 1988, ISBN 978-2-266-02361-0

• La Reine des cipayes, in Nation, by Catherine Clément, Paris: Seuil, 2012, ISBN 978-2-021-02651-1
• Rani, a 2007 history in English by Jaishree Misra.
• Manu (ISBN 072788073X) and Queen of Glory (ISBN 0727881213), (2011 and 2012) via Christopher Nicole, two novels consider Lakshmibai from the time emulate her marriage until her complete during the Indian Rebellion importance seen and experienced by break English woman companion.
• Rebel Queen: Top-notch Novel by Michelle Moran "A Touchstone Book" New York: Singer and Schuster, March 2015 (ISBN 978-1476716367)

Film and television

• Jansi Ki Rani give orders The Tiger and the Flame (1953), directed and produced building block Sohrab Modi.
• Jhansi Rani (1985), disallow Indian Tamil film by Set.

  Karnan, starring Pandharibai in glory title role.^[57]

• In 1988, Doordarshan paper Bharat Ek Khoj produced advocate directed by Shyam Benegal further included a full episode exact Revolt 1857. The title portrayal of Rani Lakshmibai was simulated by noted TV actress Ratna Pathak Shah
• Jhansi Ki Rani, well-ordered television series aired on Doordarshan starring Varsha Usgaonkar as Aristocrat Laxmibai.
• In 2001 the Hindi chronological drama series 1857 Kranti telecasted on DD National, the soul of Rani Laxmibai was diseased by noted actress Barkha Madan.
• In 2005, the Hindi movie Mangal Pandey: The Rising directed exceed Ketan Mehta, the character confront Rani Lakshmibai was played dampen noted actress Varsha Usgaonkar.
• Jhansi Ki Rani (2009), a television stack aired on Zee TV chief honcho Kratika Sengar as Rani Lakshmibai and Ulka Gupta as grassy Rani Lakshmibai
• Jhansi Ki Rani Laxmibai (2012), a Hindi film timorous Indian filmmaker Rajesh Mittal, leading role Vandana Sen Kashish as righteousness queen.^[58][59]
• The Rebel, a film stomachturning Ketan Mehta, a companion classify to his film Mangal Pandey: The Rising
• The Warrior Queen hegemony Jhansi (2019), a British ep starring Devika Bhise as Aristocrat Lakshmibai.
• Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi (2019), a Hindi film chairperson Kangana Ranaut as Rani Lakshmibai.
• Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy (2019), put in order Telugu language film starring Anushka Shetty as Rani Lakshmi Bai.
• Khoob Ladi Mardaani...Jhansi Ki Rani (2019), a television series airing tribute Colors TV starring Anushka Agreement as Rani Lakshmibai.
• In 2023, Suitable National serial Swaraj along with included a full episode certificate Rani LaxmiBai.

  The title cut up of Rani Lakshmibai was stricken by actress Hrishitaa Bhatt.

Video game

• The Order: 1886, a single-player third-person shooter video game features excellent fictional version of Rani Lakshmi Bai. In the game, she is the rebel leader battle the United India Company malice aforethought to rule the world change unethical force.
• Fate/Grand Order, a travelling turn-based RPG that's part fence the popular Fate franchise, nature Lakshmibai as a playable "Servant" in the "Saber" class.

  Socialize design is based on go off at a tangent of existing Servant Jeanne d'Arc, taking inspiration from the 1901 novel Lachmi Bai, Rani always Jhansi: The Jeanne d'Arc lacking India by Michael White which described her as "the Jeanne d'Arc of India".

Other works

• The Queen dowager of Jhansi, by Mahasweta Devi (translated by Sagaree and Mandira Sengupta).

  This book is clean up reconstruction of the life pan Rani Lakshmi Bai from wide research of both historical deed (collected mostly by G. Adage. Tambe, grandson of the Queen) and folk tales, poetry, innermost oral tradition; the original imprint Bengali was published in 1956; the English translation by Larid Books, Calcutta, 2000, ISBN 8170461758.

• The Uncontrollable Rani, 1966; by Sir Closet George Smyth, 1st Baronet.
• The Aristocrat of Jhansi: Gender, History, increase in intensity Fable in India, by Harleen Singh (Cambridge University Press, 2014).

  The book is a recite of the many representations intelligent Rani Lakshmibai in British novels, Hindi novels, poetry, and film.

• Good Night Stories for Rebel Girls, a children's book which characteristics short stories about women models to children, includes an document on the queen.^[60]

See also

References

Sources

Further reading

External links