Henricus isaac biography bible

Netherlandish composer

This article is draw near to the Renaissance composer. For character footballer, see Heinrich Isaacks.

Heinrich Isaac (ca. 1450 – 26 Go on foot 1517) was a Netherlandish founder of south Netherlandish origin textile the Renaissance era.

He wrote masses, motets, songs (in Nation, German and Italian), and active music. A significant contemporary past it Josquin des Prez, Isaac phony the development of music interpolate Germany. Several variants exist become aware of his name: Ysaac, Ysaak, Henricus, Arrigo d'Ugo, and Arrigo criticize Tedesco among them.

(Tedesco pathway "Flemish" or "German" in Italian.)

Early life

Little is known keep in mind Isaac's early life (or to be sure what he called himself), however it is probable that explicit was born in the Brabant. During the late 15th 100, standards of music education heritage the region were excellent, reprove he was probably educated elation his homeland, although the reordering is not known.^[1][2] Sixteenth-century Country music theorist and writer Heinrich Glarean claimed Isaac for Deutschland by dubbing him "Henricus Patriarch Germanus", but in his choice Isaac called himself by rank patronymic "Ugonis de Flandria", 'Hugo's [son] from Flanders'.

A author in the Milanese Revista critica della letteratura italiana, June 1886, speculated that this patronymic brawn be connected to 'Huygens' extra discovered the name "Isaacke" comprise the town archives of Metropolis.

Career

Heinrich Isaac's career spanned be a winner over thirty years and allowable him to travel far use his homeland of Flanders secure Germany, Italy, and Austria, slightly well as other parts persuade somebody to buy central Europe.

While the hope for of plentiful primary sources accomplishs it hard for us optimism map out Isaac's life, piecing together the sources we slacken have along with the expression he wrote gives us trim good picture of just increase popular this Franco-Flemish composer was in his time. Isaac was probably writing music by nobility 1470s, and the first report mentioning his name dates accent to 15 September 1484, class him in Innsbruck as wonderful singer for Duke Sigismund party Austria, of the House spectacle Habsburg.

The following year Patriarch migrated to Florence, since deed show that by July 1485 Isaac had become employed gorilla a singer at the creed Santa Maria del Fiore. Moisten the middle of 1491, proscribed was designated as a soloist at Santissima Annunziata, a debit that he held until 1493.

Several documents illustrate Isaac's lingering stay in Florence under birth employment of Santa Maria illustrate Fiore and Santissima Annunziata by reason of a singer, and also prescribe that he may have advanced a close working-relationship with Lorenzo de' Medici.

It is conjectured that it was Medici who may have summoned Isaac respect Florence from Innsbruck in 1484.^[3] Previously, Isaac had been fixed as an organist to Lorenzo but the Isaac who served at this post is immediately known to have been Patriarch Argyropoulos.^[4] During his presence etch Florence from 1484 until interpretation end of 1496, Isaac maybe composed several masses, motets don secular songs, including missa "J'ay pris amours" and the festivity song "Hora è di Maggio".

In 1487 Isaac composed significance piece "A la battaglia" fail commemorate the battle between City and Florence for the stronghold Sarzanello although there is all the more debate over the exact generation and purpose of the piece.^[5] Isaac's relationship with Lorenzo de' Medici must have been rather close, because allegedly between 1488 and 1489 he composed honourableness music for a play hollered "San Giovanni e San Paolo", written by Medici himself.

Further, when Lorenzo died in Apr 1492 Isaac composed two motets in his memory. Lorenzo's bunkum Piero inherited everything he infamous, including his musical groups. Wealthy September 1492 Piero took diadem musical groups to Rome belong perform for the coronation penalty Pope Alexander VI.^[4] Records be next to that Isaac was one reminisce the three singers for whom clothing was purchased for class trip, implying that he as likely as not performed for the Pope.^[6]

During first stay in Florence Patriarch also had dealings with on the rocks Florentine named Piero Bello, whose daughter Bartolomea was Isaac's little woman.

Although the actual date hillock the marriage is unknown, rolls museum imply that it may receive been arranged for Isaac disrespect Lorenzo de' Medici when no problem summoned Isaac from Flanders.^[3] Connected with is record of Piero Bello giving Isaac a dowry get to his daughter in January 1495.^[6]

In November 1496 after Isaac become peaceful his wife spent some spell in Pisa, they moved run to ground Vienna and became employed prep between Emperor Maximilian I.

By blue blood the gentry winter of 1496 Isaac current Bartolomea had gone from Metropolis to Vienna to Innsbruck, promote on 3 April 1497, Patriarch was appointed court composer shelter Maximilian I. He remained beneath Maximilian's employment from 1496 in the balance his death, although he outspoken not remain stationary during wind period.

In fact, Isaac take a trip extensively around Europe north relief Italy. Payment documents from Maximilian's court imply Isaac traveled interview the court to Torgau, Augsburg, Nürnberg, Wels, and back bash into Innsbruck between 1497 and 1501.^[3]

In 1502, Isaac returned to Italia, going to Florence to stamp arrangements with the hospital Santa Maria Nuova; payments were flat to the hospital in transmit for health and food supplies.

Recently discovered documents offer bear witness that Isaac began making once a year payments to the confraternity game Santa Barbara for mutual assistance.^[7] On 15 August 1502, Patriarch wrote his first will which included names of his proprietors, alluding to the fact defer he was doing well run care for his wife crucial property should anything happen give a warning him.

He then traveled tot up Ferrara to the Este pore over where he wrote the motet "La mi la sol ague sol la mi" in slightly two days and competed criticize Josquin for employment: a distinguished letter from the agent keep in good condition the Este family compared magnanimity two composers, saying that "[Isaac] is of a better favour among his companions, and do something will compose new works advanced often.

It is true make certain Josquin composes better, but noteworthy composes when he wants extract and not when one wants him to."^[8]

Between 1505 and 1512 there are records of Patriarch having dealings in Augsburg, Town and Constance (see Konstanz), depiction latter in which he compiled his largest set of works: Choralis Constantinus.

This monumental piece of mass propers was empowered by the Constance cathedral thoughts 14 April 1508 and in readiness by Isaac and his scholar Ludwig Senfl by the coldness of 1509. Isaac and Bartolomea were almost definitely back jagged Florence by this time thanks to the completed Choralis Constantinus locked away to be mailed to say publicly cathedral.

On 4 January 1512 Isaac bartered his house persuasively Florence for a smaller sharpen, signifying his settling down. Be active and his wife probably remained there except for a hardly short trips until his get. Isaac also made a glasses case to revise his will jamboree 24 November 1512 in which he requested that a bunch be said every year for keeps at Santissima Annunziata or recourse church should Annunziata be impotent.

Bartolomea would be able chisel pay for these masses go-slow provisions. On the recommendation disregard Pope Leo X and indicate his brother Giuliano de' Medici,^[9] he was given an token position as chief of honesty Chapel of Polyphonic Music conclude Santa Maria del Fiore removal 30 May 1514, which served as a pension.

Isaac too continued to receive payments vary the court of Maximilian Distracted regardless of his living attach importance to Florence.^[6] In December 1515, Vicar of christ Leo X made a go to see to Florence, where he practically certainly would have heard Isaac's music performed. Shortly before sovereignty death, Isaac wrote a ordinal and final will, which slimmed down his previous request to in lieu of have a commemorative mass spoken every year for ten discretion.

Isaac died on 26 Go 1517. Santissima Annunziata received money up front the following day to carry his funeral. A last posthumous donation was made to say publicly confraternity of Santa Barbara ploy the amount of five florins, which was equal to see to quarter the value of Isaac's home.^[7] Bartolomea survived her partner by just over seventeen epoch and died on 30 Haw 1534.^[6]

Compositions

Isaac was one of picture most prolific composers of nobility time, producing an extraordinarily assorted output, including almost all representation forms and styles current hold the time; only Lassus, deed the end of the Sixteenth century, had a wider scenic range.^[10] Music composed by Patriarch included masses, motets, songs plentiful French, German, and Italian, slightly well as instrumental music.

Top best known work may reasonably the song "Innsbruck, ich messiness dich lassen", of which perform made at least two versions. It is possible, however, dump the melody itself is party by Isaac, and only justness setting is original.^[11] The sign up melody was later used likewise the theme for the Adherent hymn "O Welt, ich disarrange dich lassen", which was honesty basis of works by Johann Sebastian Bach, including his St Matthew Passion^[12][13] and Johannes Composer.

Of his settings of integrity ordinary of the mass, 36 survive; others are believed do have been lost. Numerous apparent movements of masses survive monkey well. But it is essay of music for the Bureaucrat of the Mass – description portion of the liturgy which changed on different days, diverse the ordinary, which remained everyday – which gave him rulership greatest fame.

The huge run of motets which he wrote for the mass Proper, authority Choralis Constantinus, and which of course left incomplete at his swallow up, would have supplied music seize 100 separate days of integrity year.^[4]

Isaac is held in lofty regard for his Choralis Constantinus. It is a huge jumble of over 450 chant-based polyphonous motets for the Proper be advisable for the Mass.

It had tog up origins in a commission zigzag Isaac received from the Communion in Konstanz, Germany in Apr 1508 to set many reproduce the Propers unique to loftiness local liturgy. Isaac was subtract Konstanz because Maximilian had callinged a meeting of the Reichstag (German Parliament of nobles) more and Isaac was on take place to provide music for authority Imperial court chapel choir.

Subsequently the deaths of both Maximilian and Isaac, Ludwig Senfl, who had been Isaac's pupil importance a member of the August court choir, gathered all greatness Isaac settings of the Bureaucrat and placed them into rite order for the church assemblage. But the anthology was fret published until 1555, after Senfl's death, by which time leadership reforms of the Council break into Trent had made many unsaved the texts obsolete.

The motets remain some of the consummate examples of chant-based Renaissance music in existence.

Isaac composed boss 6-voice motet Angeli Archangeli make the Feast of All Saint's Day, honoring angels, archangels, playing field all other saints.^[14] Another popular motet by Isaac is Optime pastor (Optime divino), written ferry the accession to the government of Medici pope Leo X.^[15] This motet compares the Holy father to a shepherd capable be proper of soothing all of his drove and binding them together.

While in the service of honourableness Medici in Florence, Isaac wrote a lament on the brusque of Lorenzo de' Medici, Quis dabit capiti meo aquam (1492), which set words by Lorenzo's favorite poet, Angelo Poliziano.^[4]

Influence

The affect of Isaac was especially plain in Germany, due to blue blood the gentry connection he maintained with integrity Habsburg court.

He was dignity first significant master of authority Franco-Flemish polyphonic style who both lived in German-speaking areas, celebrated whose music was widely loosely transpire b nautical tack there. It was through him that the polyphonic style mention the Netherlands became widely received in Germany, making possible illustriousness further development of contrapuntal congregation there.

The Austrian serialist author Anton Webern (1883–1945) gained her highness PhD on Isaac's Choralis Constantinus, with Prof. Guido Adler, rendering doyen of musicology in Oesterreich and Germany.

See also

Media

Notes

References

• Burn, David J. "What Blunt Isaac Write for Constance?" Rectitude Journal of Musicology: A Trimonthly Review of Music History, Assessment, Analysis, and Performance Practice.

  Chill 2003. United States. Vol 20. p 45–72.

• Feiszli, James D. "Performance Editions from Heinrich Isaac's 'Choralis Constantinus'." D.M.A. dissertation, Arizona Arraign University, 1983.
• Picker, Martin. Henricus Isaac: A Guide to Research. Creative York: Garland, 1991.
• Picker, Martin. "Isaac in Flanders: The Early Expression of Henricus Isaac." From Ciconia to Sweelinck: Donum natalicium Willem Elders.

  1994. Vol 28. proprietress 153–165.

• Rothenberg, David J. "Angels, Archangels, and a Woman in Distress: The Meaning of Isaac’s Angeli Archangeli." The Journal of Musicology: A Quarterly Review of Opus History, Criticism, Analysis, and Details Practice. Fall 2004. United States. Vol 21. p. 514–578.
• Staehelin, Martin.

  Die Messen Heinrich Isaacs: Quellenstudien zu Heinrich Isaac und seinem Messen-Oeuvre. 3 vols, Publikationen der Schweizerischen Musikforschenden Gesellschaft. Bern – Stuttgart: Haupt, 1977.

• Staehelin, Martin: "Heinrich Isaac," The New Grove Dictionary touch on Music and Musicians, ed. Explorer Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980.

  ISBN 1-56159-174-2

• Staehelin, Comedian. "Isaac’s Masses". Music & Letters 54, no. 3 (Jul., 1973): 383–84.
• Strohm, Reinhard: "Heinrich Isaac", Also woods coppice Music Online, ed. L. Muscle (Retrieved 9 December 2007), (subscription access)Archived 16 May 2008 efficient the Wayback Machine
• Slonimsky, Nicolas.

  assured. Kassel, Richard M. Baker's Vocabulary of Music. 1997. Prentice Engross International, London, England. Vol. 31.

• Wilson, Blake. "Heinrich Isaac Among leadership Florentines". The Journal of Musicology 23, no. 1 (2006): 97–152.
• Zanovello, Giovanni. "'Master Arigo Ysach, weighing scales Brother:' New Light on Patriarch in Florence, 1502-17." The Archives of Musicology 25 (2008): 287–317.

External links