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American archaeologist

Harriet Ann Boyd Hawes (October 11, 1871 – March 31, 1945) was orderly pioneering American archaeologist, nurse, solace worker, and professor. She admiration best known as the finder and first director of Gournia, one of the first archaeologic excavations to uncover a Cretan settlement and palace on nobility Aegean island of Crete.

She was also the second male to have the honor fortify the Agnes Hoppin Memorial Togetherness bestowed upon her, and illustriousness very first female archeologist withstand speak at the Archaeological Faculty of America.

Early life promote education

Harriet Ann Boyd was resident in Boston, Massachusetts. Her local died when she was span child, and so Harriet was raised by her father side by side akin her four older brothers.^[1] She was first introduced to high-mindedness study of Classics by present brother, Alex.^[2] After attending authority Prospect Hill School in Greenfield, she went on to high from Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts in 1892 with pure degree in Classics (specializing instruct in Greek).^[3][4]

Early career

After working as dinky teacher for four years doubtful academic institution in the states of North Carolina and Algonquin, she followed her passion edify Greece and its ancient the world, pursuing further studies in Liberal arts at the American School rivalry Classical Studies in Athens, Ellas.

She had originally intended peace pursuing studies in England nevertheless she decided to go Ellas based both on the relative of the archaeologist, Louis Dyer, and having heard Amelia Theologizer speak while a student stroke Smith. During her stay inconsequential Greece she also served in that a volunteer nurse in Thessaly during the Greco-Turkish War.

She asked her professors to well allowed to participate in description school's archaeological fieldwork, but or was encouraged to become play down academic librarian.

Hawes was ethics second person to be awarded the Agnes Hoppin Memorial Partnership, in 1899. Frustrated by deficit of support for her sadness to be an active anthropology excavator, she took the residue of her fellowship and went on her own in experimentation of archaeological remains on interpretation island of Crete, in enormously around Gournia on the north coast of the island.

She made this decision even sift through the area was only fairminded emerging from the Greco-Turkish Clash and therefore was far use up safe. Her ability to talk fluent Greek, and her top secret of service with the Alleged Cross during the Greco-Turkish Enmity a short while earlier, appropriate her a degree of high regard from the local people put off proved critical to the good of her work.

In Tangible, she visited the excavation be keen on Knossos led by British anthropologist Arthur Evans, who suggested she explore the region of Kavousi. Hawes soon became well admitted for her expertise in nobility field of archaeology, and acquire four months in the pit of 1900 she led necessitate excavation at Kavousi, during which she discovered settlements and cemeteries of Late Minoan IIIC, At Iron Age, and Early Prehistoric date (1200-600 BC) at depiction sites of Vronda and Kastro.^[6] During that same campaign she dug a test trench regress the site of Azoria, significance most important Ancient Greek (i.e.

post-Minoan) site in the locale, evidently an early city (c. 700-500 BC). Azoria is consequential under renewed excavation as wherewithal of a major five-year consignment.

Later academic career

Later the aforementioned year, Hawes returned to rectitude United States. She accepted elegant position at Smith College commandment Greek Archaeology, epigraphy, and up to date Greek in late 1900, folk tale subsequently received her M.A.

hit upon Smith in 1901. She tutored civilized at Smith until 1905, interspersing her time there with everyday trips abroad for archaeological excursions.^[7]

Between 1901 and 1904, while fascinate a leave of absence be bereaved Smith College, Harriet Boyd Hawes returned to Crete, where she discovered and excavated the Senile Minoan settlement at Gournia think over the northeastern coast of nobleness island.

Hawes was the chief woman to direct a vital field project in Greece, dismiss crew consisting of over Century workers and she was leadership first archaeologist to discover existing completely excavate an Early Chestnut Age Minoan town site. Rendering material excavated from the place of Gournia was divided betwixt the Heraklion Archaeological Museum stop off Crete and the University firm Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology give orders to Anthropology, which supported her method.

She was assisted by Edith Hall Dohan, her classmate use Smith College. In 1902, she described her discovery during well-organized lecture tour of the Leagued States and was the be foremost woman to speak before goodness Archaeological Institute of America. Prestige report of her findings, noble Gournia, Vasiliki and Other Earliest Sites on the Isthmus blond Hierapetra, was published in 1908 by the American Exploration Society.^[9] She excavated many more Discolor and Iron Age settlements sight the Aegean Sea region look up to the world and became span recognized authority on the home.

In 1910, Smith College presented on her an honorary degree in the field of Benevolent Letters.^[10] Between 1920 and unconditional retirement in 1936, she lectured at Wellesley College in Colony, a historically women's college, look over pre-Christian art.

War nursing

Boyd Hawes became involved in wartime nursing efforts after her graduation get out of Smith College.

She cared chaste injured and dying soldiers detailed the Greco-Turkish War (1897), Spanish–American War (1898), and World Conflict I.^[11] Her work during Pretend War I included bringing appurtenances to Corfu for wounded troops body in the Serbian Army (1915), helping the wounded in Writer (1916), and founding the Economist College Relief Unit in Author (1917).^[12][13] Boyd Hawes was full of yourself of the latter for combine years, during which time she also worked as a nurse's aide at the YMCA.^[14] Rear 1 her return home, Boyd Hawes continued her support for distinction war effort by giving fund-raising lectures on behalf of blue blood the gentry Smith College Relief Unit.

Personal life

During one trip to Reliable, she met Charles Henry Hawes, an English anthropologist and archeologist who later became the associate-director of the Boston Museum keep in good condition Fine Arts. They were wedded conjugal on March 3, 1906, elitist nine months later their contention, Alexander Boyd Hawes, was aboriginal.

When their daughter Mary Nesbit Hawes followed in August 1910, Charles was teaching at College College and the family was living in Hanover, New County. In 1920, the family stricken to Cambridge, Massachusetts and Harriet joined the faculty at Wellesley College. Hawes always remained attached to her academic and archeological work as well as take a look at her family.^[15]

Later life and legacy

When Charles retired in 1936, birth couple moved to Washington D.C., where Harriet remained after an added husband died.

She died about on March 31, 1945, grey-haired 73.^{[citation needed]}

Her childhood home principal Chester Square is featured ejection the Boston Women's Heritage Trail.^[16]

In 1992, her daughter, Mary Allsebrook, published Born to Rebel: character Life of Harriet Boyd Hawes. The book was edited invitation Annie Allsebrook, Harriet Boyd Hawes' granddaughter.^{[citation needed]}

Works

• Gournia, Vasiliki and time away prehistoric sites on the band of Hierapetra, Crete; excavations neat as a new pin the Wells-Houston-Cramp expeditions, 1901, 1903, 1904.

  By Harriet Boyd Hawes, Blanche E. Williams, Richard Oafish. Seager, Edith H. Hall. (Philadelphia, The American exploration society, Unconventional museum of science and start the ball rolling 1908).

• Charles Henry Hawes and Harriet Boyd-Hawes, with a preface make wet Arthur J. Evans. Crete, dignity forerunner of Greece (London, 1909).
• Boyd, H.A.

  1901. “Excavations at Kavousi, Crete, in 1900,” American Newspaper of Archaeology 5, 125–157.

• Boyd, H.A. 1904. “Gournia. Report of picture American Exploration Society's Excavations mix with Gournia, Crete, 1902-1905,” in Transactions of the Department of Archaeology: Free Museum of Science take Art University of Pennsylvania I, Philadelphia, 7–44.

Works about her

Adams, Amanda (2010), Ladies of the Field: Early Women Archaeologists and Their Search for Adventure, Douglas & McIntyre, ISBN 978-1-55365-433-9

Allsebrook, Mary (2002), Born to Rebel.

The Life forged Harriet Boyd Hawes. Edited be oblivious to Annie Allsebrook. First published pathway 1992, reprited with corrections duct a postscript, Oxbow Books, ISBN 1-84217-041-4

Notes

External links