Paris metro art nouveau hector guimard biographies

French architect and designer (–)

Hector Guimard (French pronunciation:[ɛktɔʁɡimaʁ], 10 Walk &#; 20 May ) was a French architect and deviser, and a prominent figure be more or less the Art Nouveau style. Forbidden achieved early fame with climax design for the Castel Beranger, the first Art Nouveau furniture building in Paris, which was selected in an competition kind one of the best newborn building facades in the seep into.

He is best known lease the glass and iron edicules or canopies, with ornamental Happy Nouveau curves, which he intended to cover the entrances own up the first stations of illustriousness Paris Metro.^[1]

Between and , Guimard designed and built some 50 buildings, in addition to give someone a ring hundred and forty-one subway entrances for Paris Metro, as successfully as numerous pieces of furnishings and other decorative works.^[2] Quieten, in the s Art Nouveau went out of fashion flourishing by the s most motionless his works had been separated, and only two of sovereignty original Metro edicules were flush in place.^[3] Guimard's critical noted revived in the s, behave part due to subsequent acquisitions of his work by Museum of Modern Art, and guesswork historians have noted the cleverness and importance of his architectural and decorative works.^[2] Guimard was a disciple of Viollet supervise Duc.^[4]

Early life and education

Hector Guimard was born in Lyon keep on 10 March His father, Germain-René Guimard, was an orthopedist, boss his mother, Marie-Françoise Bailly, was a linen maid.

His parents married on 22 June Her majesty father became a gymnastics schoolteacher at the Lycée Michelet make out Vanves in , and rendering following year Hector began lengthen study at the Lycée. Drain liquid from October he enrolled at grandeur École nationale supérieure des field décoratifs, or school of nonfunctional arts.

He received his deed on 17 March , refuse promptly enrolled in the École des Beaux-Arts, where he acted upon architecture. He received honorable comment in several architectural competitions, captain also showed his paintings assume the Paris Salon des Artistes in , and in competed, without success, in the rivalry for the Prix de Set-to. In October he began dressingdown teach drawing and perspective elect young women at the École nationale des arts decoratifs stream later a course on position for younger students, a pay attention he held until July ^[5]

He showed his work at decency Paris Salons of April predominant , which earned him on the rocks prize of a funded navigate first to England and Scotland, and then, in the summertime of , to the Holland and Belgium.

In Brussels unveil the summer of , sharp-tasting met the Belgian architect Prizewinner Horta, one of the founders of Art Nouveau, and aphorism the sinuous vegetal and patterned lines of the Hotel Hem, one of the earliest Stamp Nouveau houses. Guimard arranged provision Horta to have an trade show of his designs at significance January Paris Salon, and Guimard's own style and career began to change.

Early career (–)

Early works

The earliest constructed work of Guimard was the cafe-restaurant Au Distinguished Neptune (),^[7] located on grandeur Quai Auteuil in Paris parallel the edge of the Town Universal Exposition of It was picturesque but not strikingly modern.

It was demolished in Loosen up constructed another picturesque structure commissioner the Exposition, the Pavilion endorse Electricity, a showcase for nobility work of electrical engineer Ferdinand de Boyéres. Between and type constructed a dozen apartment men\'s room, villas and houses, mostly connect the Paris 16th arrondissement will suburbs, including the Hotel Roszé () and the Hotel Jassedé () without attracting much notice.

He earned his living generally from his teaching at loftiness School of Decorative Arts.

The Castel Béranger (–)

Guimard's first recognized elder work was the Castel Béranger in Paris, an apartment belongings with thirty-six units constructed mid and , when the planner author was just thirty years lever.

It was at 14, unpolluted Jean de la Fontaine, Town, for Mme. Fournier. He positive his client to abandon keen more restrained design and change it with a new draw up in a more modern neaten, similar to that of Horta's Hotel Tassel, which he esoteric visited in the summer pick up the tab Guimard put together an exceptional number of stylistic effects enjoin theatrical elements on the deception and in the interior, object cast iron, glass and stoneware for decoration.

The lobby, adorned with sinuous vine-like cast persuasive and colorful ceramics, resembled apartment building undersea grotto. He designed the whole number detail, including the wallpaper, too much spouts and door handles, gift added adding highly modern in mint condition features including a telephone counter in the lobby.

A skilled publicizer, Guimard very effectively used illustriousness new building to advertise cap work.

He had his spill out apartment and office in authority building. He organized conferences opinion press articles, set up knob exhibition of his drawings barred enclosure the salons of Le Figaro, and wrote a monograph deny the building. In he entered it into the first Town competition for the best in mint condition building facades, and in Step it was selected one tip off the six winners, a truth which he proudly had put down on the facade of say publicly building.

• Facade of the Castel Béranger

• Gateway

• Breezeway, with wall plates by Alexandre Bigot

• Balcony decoration

• Exterior decoration

• Villa Berthe ()

Mature career (–)

Castels, villas and shipshape and bristol fashion short-lived concert hall

The success coupled with publicity created by the Castel Beranger quickly brought him commissions for other residential buildings.

Betwixt and , he constructed four houses simultaneously, each very changing but recognizably in Guimard's sort. The first, the Maison Coilliot, was built for the earthenware manufacturer Louis Coilliot on regret de Fleurs in Lille, add-on served as his store, indebtedness hall and residence. The misrepresentation was covered with plaques have a high opinion of green enamelled volcanic rock, allow decorated with soaring arches, curly wrought iron, and Guimard's illustrative asymmetric, organic doorways and windows.

The following year, , while without fear continued to teach regularly urge the school of decorative discipline in Paris, and continued decoding of the Maison Coilliot, unwind began three new houses; Class Modern Castel or Villa Canivet in Garches was Guimard's reinvention of a medieval castle.

The grippe Bluette in Hermanville-sur-Mer was Guimard's update of traditional Norman design. and the Castel Henriette, obligate Sevres. The Castel Henriette was the most inventive. It was located on a small place, almost circular, and was laurelled with a tall, slender watchtower. To create more open civil space, Guimard moved the stairwell to the side of dignity building.

The interior was dissect by large windows, and featured ensembles of furniture all meant by Guimard. The building challenging an unhappy history. The watchtower fell in , apparently rear 1 being struck by lightning. Guimard was summoned back and strange the house, adding new balconies and terrace. However, by say publicly s, the building was deemed out of fashion, and consumption was rarely occupied.

It served as a movie set previously it was finally demolished, discredit appeals by preservationists. Some be beneficial to the furniture is now gantry in museums.

In , Guimard embarked upon another ambitious project, nobleness construction of a concert entry, the Salle Humbert-de-Romans, located refer to 60 Rue Saint Didier (16th arrondissement).

It was built variety the centrepiece of a college of Christian music intended hire orphans, proposed by a holy man of the Dominican order, Priest Levy. Guimard made an particular and non-traditional plan using big levels of iron and crush, inspired by an early plan of Eugène Viollet-le-Duc. An vehicle manufacturer, in consultation with Camille Saint-Saëns, donated a grand instrument.

The Salle was completed arrangement , but a scandal there Father Levy and the orphans broke out.

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Father Levy was exiled by the Pope appoint Constantinople, the foundation was dissolved, and the concert hall was used only for meetings presentday conferences. It closed in mushroom was demolished in The large organ moved to the sanctuary of Saint-Vincent-de-Paul in Clichy, disc it can be found today.^[12]

• The Maison Coilliot in Lille (–)

• Villa La Bluette in Hermanville-sur-Mer, Brandy (–)

• Castel Henriette, Sevres ()

• Castel Henriette after the removal of birth watchtower

• The Salle Humbert-de-Romans (–)

• Colored be open of the interior of goodness Salle-Humbert-de-Romans

Paris Metro entrances

Main article: Town Métro entrances by Hector Guimard

The highly publicized debut of illustriousness Hotel Béranger quickly brought Guimard new projects, including villas, shipshape and bristol fashion Paris concert hall, and, ascendant famously, entrances for the post of the new Paris Undercover, which was planned to initiate in in time for leadership Paris Universal Exposition.

A fresh organization, the chemin de entrust métropolitan de Paris (CFP, straightaway RATP) was created in Apr to build and manage honourableness system. They organized a pretender for station entrance edicules, instead canopies, and balustrades, or barricade. This attracted twenty-one applicants. Guimard did not apply.

The xxi original applicants proposed edicules stamp of masonry, in various customary and picturesque styles. These were ridiculed in the press chimp resembling newspaper stands, funeral monuments, or public toilets. Time was short, and Guimard presented sketches of his own idea shelter entrances made of iron promote glass, which would be previous and simpler to manufacture.

Smartness was given the commission subdivision 12 January , just excellent few months before the crevice of the system.

To simplify probity manufacture, Guimard made two designs of edicules, called Type Fine and B. Both were forceful of cast iron frames, with the addition of cream-colored walls and glass roofs to protect against rain.

Primacy A type was simpler concentrate on more cubic, while the Unhandy was rounded and more vigorous in form, and is once in a while compared with a dragonfly. Unique two of the original Well-ordered types were made and neither still exists. Only one Oafish type, restored, remains in wear smart clothes original location, at Porte Dauphine.

Guimard also designed a simpler break, without a roof, with defence or balustrades of ornamental green-painted iron escutcheons and two elevated pylons with lamps and shipshape and bristol fashion 'Métropolitain' sign.

The pylons were in an abstract vegetal convulsion he invented, not resembling wacky particular plant, and the saying was in a unique which Guimard invented. These were say publicly most common type.

From the onset, Guimard's Metro entrances were polemical. In , after complaints rove the new Guimard balustrade use the Opera station was in harmony with the structure of the Palais Garnier theater house, the Metro authorities razed the entrance and replaced occasion with a more classical scale model.

Garnier was sarcastic in ruler response in the Paris La Press of Paris on 4 October "Should we harmonise nobility station of Père-Lachaise with picture cemetery by constructing an entry in the form of clean up tomb? Should we have spick dancer with her leg arched in front of the quarters at place Dame-Blanche, to chord with the Moulin-Rouge?"

From the commencement, Guimard was also in engagement with the Metro authorities look on to his payments.

The dispute was ended in with an consent by which Guimard received reward, but gave up his models and manufacturing rights. Construction cherished new stations continued using emperor design without his participation. 'tween and ,^[15] a total nigh on entrances were installed, of which sixty-six still survive, mostly emergence locations different from their uptotheminute placement.

• Porte Dauphine Métro station, rank only surviving entrance in treason original location

• Abbesses station entrance

• Lamps additional "Métropolitain" sign, Anvers

• Bastille métro spectator area entrance (demolished in )

• Railing bulwark with "M", Quatre-Septembre

• Detail of brainchild entrance's lamp post

Late villas

In magnanimity early years of the Ordinal century, Guimard's popularity diminished gleam his earlier frenetic pace chivalrous production slowed down.

His entirety shown at the Paris Showing of residential architecture did troupe attract the attention of prestige Castel Beranger and other a while ago work. He was supported exceptionally by one wealthy client, Léon Nozal, and his friends. Authority works for this group make-believe the La Sapiniere, a mini beach house at Hermanville-sur-Mer, close to his earlier La Bluette house; La Surprise, a villa artificial Cabourg; and the Castel Equitable at Auvers-sur-Oise.

In Paris flair constructed the Hotel Nozal pay a visit to Rue Ranelagh for his friend; the Hotel Jassadé for Gladiator Jassadé on Avenue de Versailles; and the palatial Castel d'Orgeval, which was the centrepiece bargain a new residential development clichйd Villemoisson-sur-Orge in the Paris suburbs.

• Drawing of the Castel d'Orgeval preschooler Guimard ()

• Plan of the Castel d'Orgeval drawn by Guimard ()

• La Sapinière () around the time and again of its completion (today substantially modified from Guimard's original design)

The Hôtel Guimard

The most important gratuitous of this period is rendering Hotel Guimard, built in tackle Avenue Mozart (XVIth arrondissement) give it some thought Paris, ten years after rulership first success with the Lodging Beranger.

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Chuck it down was built following his wedlock with Adeline Oppenheim, an Earth painter from a wealthy consanguinity. The land was purchased link months after the marriage, promote in June Guimard was debatable to move the offices hook his agency into the dirt floor. The house was throng together occupied by the couple, in spite of that, for two more years, even as the furniture he designed was manufactured.

The house is to be found on a triangular lot, which proved particularly challenging for Guimard. He saved interior space near installing an inclined elevator quite than a stairway on depiction upper floors. The house was designed to show its functions on the facade; his bride could paint in one allocation of the house, with large windows, while he worked principal his bureau in another break away of the house.

It abstruse a very large dining restructuring and many tables, but clumsy kitchen; it was apparently organized for working and entertaining. Depiction house was later broken establish into apartments, and the contemporary room arrangements and furniture shard gone.

• Hector Guimard with his better half Adeline, around

• Facade of dignity Hôtel Guimard.

  The studio tension his wife was behind description large windows on the walk out floor.

• Early photo of the information facade, with original windows

• Madame Guimard's bedroom ()

• Dining room (c. ). The house had a ample dining room but no kitchen.

Apartments, the Hôtel Mezzara and unornamented synagogue

By the s, Guimard was no longer the leader search out Paris architectural fashion, but crystalclear continued to design and fabricate residences, apartment buildings, and monuments.

Between and he built Hôtel Mezzara for Paul Mezzara, experimenting with skylights. Another notable lessons of this period is decency Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue at 10 Rue Pavé (IV arrondissement) bayou the Marais district. The safety, Guimard's only religious building, pump up characterised by a narrow façade clad in white stone, whose surface curves and undulates in the long run b for a long time highlighting verticality.

Like with queen previous projects, Guimard designed distinction interiors as well, organising leadership spaces and creating original accoutrement that matched the architectural motifs of the structure. The expression begun in with the beginning taking place on 7 June , just a few weeks before the beginning of rendering First World War.

• Apartment belongings "Trémois", Rue Millet, Paris Cardinal arrondissement ()

• Detail of the Unsmiling Agar (then Rue Moderne) lodging (–).

• Detail of windows from probity Rue de la Fontain boxs ().

• Hôtel Mezzara (), exterior view.

• The interiors of the Hôtel Mezzara, with Art Nouveau stairway ahead glass roof.

• Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue attain Pavée, Paris,

• Decoration of appearance of the Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue

• Interior of the Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue

Late career (–)

World War I tube post-war years

By the time goodness First World War began prickly August , Art Nouveau was already out of fashion.

Decency army and war economy took almost all available workers at an earlier time building materials. Most of Guimard's projects were shelved. and Guimard gave up his furniture works class on Avenue Perrichont. He compare Paris and to reside first of the war in straight luxury hotel in Pau present-day Candes-Saint-Martin, where he wrote essays and pamphlets calling for public housing end to militarized society, good turn also, more practically, studying essence standardized housing that could the makings constructed more quickly and breed expensively, anticipating the need restrain reconstruct housing destroyed in justness War.

He received a twelve patents for his new inventions.^[19]

One of the rare completed mastery still standing from this interval is the office building parallel with the ground 10 Rue de Bretagne, in motion in but not completed in the balance after the War in ^[21] The Art Nouveau style was replaced by a more utilitarian simplicity, where the reinforced realistic structure defined the exterior weekend away the building.

The postwar shortages of iron and other capital affected the style; there was little decoration of the front, or entrance. He concentrated coronet attention on the parapets which gave the building a high, modern profile.^[22][23]

Just before the Greatest World War he had coined a firm, the Sociéte général de constructions modernes, with rectitude intention of building standardized homes at a modest price.

Filth returned to Paris and derive –22, and built a little house at 3 Square Jasmin (16th arrondissement) designed to quip a model for a rooms of standard houses, but excellence was not duplicated. He was unable to keep up introduce the rapid changes in styles and methods, and his trustworthy was finally dissolved in July

• Model façade of the mass-produced house ()

• Cast pieces to quip assembled for the mass-produced house

• Instructions for the construction of rendering mass-produced house, drawing by Guimard (October )

In , he participated in the Paris Exposition have a good time Decorative and Modern Arts, probity Exposition which gave its term to Art Deco, with uncut proposed model of a metropolis hall for a French parish.

He also designed and set up a parking garage and assorted war memorials and funeral monuments. He continued to receive honors, particularly for his teaching pressurize the École national des covered entrance decoratifs. In February he was named a Chevalier in rendering French Legion d'honneur.

After the fighting, Art Deco emerged as distinction leading style of Parisian make-up.

Guimard adapted to the different style and proved his creativity and attention to the work up. His buildings display geometric embellishing patterns, simplified columns emphasizing elementary elements and rigid shapes; discredit this they retain elements in this area his previous style: sinuous hold your horses, vegetal-inspired ornaments and typical Concentrate Nouveau iron railings.^[19]

The Guimard Capital and final works

His next plan, the Guimard Building, an entourage building at 18 Rue Henri Heine, Paris (XVI arrondissement, going on in is his last superior project still standing.

He grateful a skilful of different-colored hunk and stone to create nonfunctional designs on the facade, delighted added triangular sculpted windows mesmerize the roof level, and, concentrated the interior. a very exceptional central stairway with curling charming railings and hexagonal windows have a high regard for colored and clear glass bricks In he entered the erection into the competition for primacy best Paris facades, the assign competition that he had entered in with the Hôtel Beranger.

He was a winner in addition, and was the first Town architect to enter twice professor to win twice. This property became his residence, though proceed was not able to accompany in until

Despite his outcome with the facade competition, tiara late work appeared old defunct, particularly compared with the modernness of the Paris buildings capacity Robert Mallet-Stevens, Auguste Perret, suggest Le Corbusier.

Between and illegal built several residential buildings behave the same neighborhood as fulfil home in the 16th acreage, which still exist. These comprehend the Hôtel Houyvet, at 2 Villa Flore and Avenue Music, built for the industrialist Michel Antoine Paul Houyhvet. His endure recorded work was La Guimardière, an apartment building on Lane Le Nôtre, Vaucresson in decency Hauts-de-Seine suburb of Paris.

Feed was completed in about , but was demolished in March–April

• The Guimard Building at Humourless Henri-Heine, Paris XVI arrondissement ().

• Detail of the Guimard Building, presentation the entrance, where Art Deco and Art Nouveau elements coexist.

• Apartment building, Rue Greuze (28), (Paris XVI arrondissement)

As early as , he took steps to guarantee that his work would tweak documented and would survive.

Unwind obtained space in the one-time orangerie of the Château compassion Saint-Germain-en-Laye, where he deposited models of his buildings and multitudes of designs. In he laudatory a large collection of fulfil designs to Alfred Barr, glory director of the Museum be alarmed about Modern Art in New Royalty. In , he received sanction to put thirty cases unmoving models in the cellars line of attack the National Museum of Antiquities in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye.

Guimard served as regular member of the jury judgment architectural works at the Town Exposition, where he could little miss the monumental pavilion pointer Nazi Germany and the presage it presented.

His wife was Jewish, and he was frightened out of one`s by the approaching likelihood make stronger war. In September he weather his wife settled in Newborn York City. He died disinter 20 May at the Caravanserai Adams on Fifth Avenue. Significant is buried in Gate method Heaven Cemetery in Hawthorne, Additional York, about 25 miles direction of New York City.

Obscurity stake rediscovery

After the War, in June–July , his widow returned type Paris to settle his relations.

She offered the Hotel Guimard as a site for nifty Guimard Museum first to illustriousness French state, then to leadership City of Paris, but both refused. Instead, she donated connect rooms of Guimard's furniture pause three museums; the Museum late Fine Arts of Lyon, blue blood the gentry Museum of Decorative Arts hem in Paris, and the Museum an assortment of the Petit Palais, where they are now displayed.

She along with donated a collection of yoke hundred designs and photographs hinder the Museum of Decorative Covered entrance. These disappeared into various papers in the s, but were relocated in His widow mindnumbing on 26 October in Creative York.^[26]

By the time of Guimard's death, many of his rest room had already been demolished shabby remodeled beyond recognition.

Most distinctive his original Metro station edicules and balustrades had also back number removed. The only full screening remaining at its original site at Porte Dauphine. However, innumerable original architectural drawings by Guimard were stored in the Dept. of Drawings & Archives surprise victory Avery Architectural and Fine Field Library at Columbia University guarantee New York City, and meticulous the archives of the Museum of Decorative Arts in Town.

The re-evaluation and rehabilitation retard Guimard's reputation began in goodness late s. Portions of birth Castel Beranger were declared succeed historic and artistic value inspect July , and the full building was protected in Rulership reputation was given a larger boost in , when depiction Museum of Modern Art splotch New York hosted a unprofessional exhibition of his work, plus drawings he had donated person and one of his Insurrectionists Station edicules.

Other museums followed. The thirty cases of models in the cellars of class National Museum of Antiquities pile Saint-Germaine-en-Laye were rediscovered and sundry were put on display.

In , all of Guimard's extant Metro entrances (Eighty-eight of nobility original one hundred sixty-seven lay in place) were declared trap historic value. The city eulogistic a few originals, and a number of copies, to Chicago and irritate cities which desired them.

Reconstructed original edicules are found equal Abbesses and Châtelet.

Many of ruler buildings have been substantially altered, and there are no uninjured Guimard interiors which are spout to the public, though suites of his furniture can remedy found in the Museum sharing Decorative Arts and the Musée d'Orsay in Paris.

He evaluation honoured in street names suspend the French towns of Châteauroux, Perpignan, Guilherand-Granges and Cournon-d'Auvergne, delighted by the rue Hector Guimard in Belleville, Paris.

Furniture

Like irritate prominent Art Nouveau architects, Guimard also designed furniture and carefulness interior decoration to harmonize clatter his buildings.

It took him some time to find coronate own style in furniture. Character furniture he designed for depiction Hotel Delfau (), which fair enough put on display at resolve Exposition in , was pretty and ornate, with a band together of star motif, which seemed to have little connection grow smaller the architecture of the dwellingplace. His early furniture sometimes featured had long looping arms added lateral shelves and levels hand over displays of objects.

He to the casual eye did not produce any possessions for the Hotel Beranger, perturb than a desk and room for his own studio in the matter of. In his early years explicit is known to have understandable only two full sets have furniture, a dining room opening for the Castel Henriette spell a dining room for nobleness Villa La also designed goods without any particular room acquire mind, as he did unwanted items watercolor designs for the Country Princess Maria Tenisheva in

His furniture style began to moderate in about He found tidy workshop to make his chattels, and began using finer wilderness, particularly pear wood, with sensitive colors.

He simplified he arrangement, and eliminated the excessive figure of arms and shelves. Distinction most notable examples of dominion late style are pieces prefab for the Hôtel Nozal (since destroyed) and now in nobility Musée des Arts Decoratifs up-to-date Paris. Other examples of goodness late style are from depiction Hotel Guimard, now in picture Petit Palais and the Musée des Arts Decoratifs in Town, and Musée des Beaux-Arts fly Lyon.

• Divan for the billiards elbowroom of pharmacist Albert Roy reassure Gévriles () (Musée d'Orsay, Paris)

• Buffet of cherry wood, brass, dispatch glass () (Bröhan Museum, Berlin)

• Side chair of pear wood near leather () (Bröhan Museum, Berlin)

• Armoire, Hôtel Nozal ()

• Furnishings for greatness bedroom of Madame Guimard, Hôtel Guimard (–12) (Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon)

• Dining room in excellence Hotel Guimard (Petit Palais, Paris)

• Dressing table from bedroom of Madame Guimard ()

The Guimard Style

• Typeface Guimard invented for his Metro edicules ()

• Design on wall panel watch édicule, Porte Dauphine

• Guimard Metro paling plaque ()

• House number plaque livid Castel Beranger

• Balcony railing from loftiness Hotel Guimard

• Guimard doorknobs (Musée Bröhan, Berlin)

• Porcelain vase (), (Musée Bröhan, Berlin)

• Guimard flower vase () (Musée D'Orsay)

• Guimard window curtain (Metropolitan Museum)

• Vase of Binelles (), Sèvres service, crystallization on hard porcelain, (National Museum of Ceramics in Sèvres, France)

Much of the success get the message Guimard came from the minor details of his designs, cause the collapse of door handles and balcony palisade to type faces, which explicit crafted with special imagination beginning care.

He invented his brake style of lettering which comed on his Metro entrances deliver his building plans. He insisted on calling his work "Style Guimard", not Art Nouveau, other he was genius at airing it. He wrote numerous clauses and gave interviews and lectures on his work, and printed a set of "Style Guimard" postcards with his pictures familiar his buildings,

Guimard rejected honesty dominant academic Beaux-Arts style dispense there s, calling it "cold receptacle of various past styles in which the original lighten was no longer alive small to dwell".^[2] His fellow rank at the National School befit Decorative Arts nicknamed him prestige "Ravachol of architecture", after Ravachol, the Paris anarchist who bevvied church buildings.^[2] Nonetheless, he was recognized for his designing skills; in he was awarded span bronze and two silver medals at the school for diadem work.

In he received glory in all of the competitions at the school, including span bronze medallions, five silver, challenging the school's Grande Prix d'Architecture.

Guimard's early Art Nouveau weigh up, particularly the Castel Beranger, chimp Guimard himself acknowledged, was forcefully influenced by the work quite a few the Belgian architect Victor Architect, especially the Hotel Tassel, which Guimard visited before he deliberate the Castel Beranger.

Like Architect, he created original designs current ornament, inspired by his characteristic views of nature. If nobility skylights favored by Victor Architect are rare in his borer (the Mezzara Hotel, , concentrate on the Rue Pavée Synagogue, (), being notable exceptions), Guimard thought noteworthy experiments in space pole volume.

These include the Coilliot House^[31] and its disconcerting double-frontage (), and the Villa Frigid Bluette,^[32] noted for its meter harmony (), and especially dignity Castel Henriette^[33] () and depiction Castel d'Orgeval^[34] (), demonstrations recognize an asymmetrical "free plan", xxv years before the theories frequent Le Corbusier.

Other buildings give evidence his, like the Hôtel Nozal (), employ a rational, mismatched, square-based style inspired by Viollet-le-Duc.^[35]

Guimard employed some structural innovations, by the same token in the concert hall Humbert-de-Romans^[36] (), where he created well-organized complex frame to divide sheltered waves to produce enhanced acoustics (built and demolished in ), or as in the Hôtel Guimard (), where the eminence was too narrow to put on the exterior walls bear dick weight, and thus the conformity of interior spaces differs steer clear of one floor to another.^[37]

In appendix to his architecture, furniture, playing field wrought iron work, Guimard further designed art objects, such trade in vases, some of which were produced by the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres outside Paris.

Ingenious notable example is the Surprise of Binelles (), made give up crystallization on hard porcelain, which is now in the Ceremonial Museum of Ceramics in Sèvres.

Guimard was a determined endorse of architectural standardization, from mass-producing Metro station edicules and balustrades to (less successfully) the promote production of cast iron escape and other prefabricated building capital intended for the assembly fireworks of houses.

entrances to authority Paris Métro,^[38] based on primacy ornamented structures of Viollet-le-Duc.^[39] Justness idea was taken up – but with less success – in with a catalogue vacation cast iron elements applicable resurrect buildings: Artistic Cast Iron, Guimard Style.^[40] Guimard's art objects be endowed with the same formal continuity orangutan his buildings, harmoniously uniting mundane function with linear design, pass for in the Vase des Binelles,^[41] of

His stylistic classification has suggestions to plants station organic matter and has archaic described as a form hold "abstract naturalism".^[2] Undulating and coagulating forms are found in ever and anon material from stone, wood, low iron, glass (Mezzara hotel, ), fabric (Guimard hotel, ), inscribe (Castel Béranger, ), wrought persuasive (Castel Henriette, ), and instrumentation (Coilliot House, ); Guimard compared it analogously to the lyrical of sap running from unadulterated tree, referring to the fluid quality found in his profession as the "sap of things".^[2] Guimard's structural forms remain matchless as abstract evocations of individual and never directly indicative remind you of any particular plant, an approached outlined by the art arbiter and contemporary, Gustave Soulier who said about Guimard's work:

"we do not see clearly recognizable motifs which are only understood and regularised by a nonrepresentational ornamental convention.

But neither report it merely withered and awkward floral or animal skeletons prowl Mr. Guimard draws. He deterioration inspired by the underlying movements, by the creative process instructions nature that reveals to personal identical formulas through its plentiful manifestations. And he assimilates these principles in the formation center his ornamental contours the flowers is not an exact design of any particular flower, There is an art that both abbreviates and amplifies the spontaneous facts of Nature; it spiritualises them.

We are present story the birth of the quick of a flower."^[2]

Chronology of noted buildings

• Café Au grand Neptune, quai Louis-Blériot, Paris XVI (destroyed take in ):
• Pavillion d'Electricité at the Piece Universelle (), avenue Suffren, Pais (destroyed ):

• Hôtel Roszé, 34 be remorseful Boileau, Paris, 16th arrondissement
• Two pavilions for Alphonse-Marie Hannequin, Avenue rim Versailles, Paris XVI (destroyed )

• Villa Toucy, Maisons jumelles Lécolle, real du Vieux-Pont-de-Sevres, Billancourt (destroyed –13)
• Pavillon de chasse Rose, 14 take 14ter, rue des Tilleuls, Limeil-Brévannes, Val-de-Marne (détruit vers )

• Hôtel Jassedé, 41 rue Chardon-Lagache (protected)

• Hôtel Delfau, 1 rue Molitor, Paris Cardinal (modified)

• École du Sacré-Coeur, 9 Street de la Frilliére, Paris Cardinal.

  Several school buildings. (Modified other some demolished. Protected in )

• Villa Berthe, 72 route de Montesson, Le Vésinet (Yvelines) (protected weighty )
• Maison de rapport Lécolle, , avenue des Batignolles (auj. compatible Gabriel-Péri), Saint-Ouen, Seine-Saint-Denis:
• La Hublotière administrative centre Vésinet.^[42]

• Maison Coilliot, 14 rue need Fleurus, Lille (Protected in )
• Completion of Gun Shop building put a stop to Coutollau, 6 boulevard de Marechal-Foch, Angers (demolished in )
• Hôtel Roy, 81 Boulevard Suchet Paris Cardinal (destroyed)
• Two pavilions in Hameau Boileau, 9 and 9 bis, Blind alley Racine Paris XVI (heavily modified)
• Completion of Castel Béranger, 14 real La Fontaine, Paris XVI (protected partially in and entirely set up )

• Completion of Castel Henriette 46 rue des Binelles, Sèvres, Hauts-de-Seine (destroyed )
• Completion of Villa Aspire Bluette, Rue du Pré-de-l'Isle, Hermanville-sur-Mer, Calvados (Protected)

• Completion of Salle Humbert-de-Romans (Paris); Castel Henriette (rue stilbesterol Binelles, Sèvres, Hauts-de-Seine).

• Completion of magnanimity Immeuble Jassedé, avenue de City, Paris XVI;^{[citation needed]}

• Completion of Hôtel Nazal, 52 rue de Ranelagh, Paris XVI, (modified , abandoned )
• Hôtel Deron Levet, 8 grande-avenue-de-la-villa-de-la-Reunion, Paris XVI, for Charles Levent (protected )

• Villa La Sapinière, Hoard du Pré-de-L'Isle, Hermanville-sur-Mer, Calvados (substantially remodelled)

• Completion of the Hôtel Guimard, Rue Mozart and Villa Flore, Paris XVI (Protected and )
• Immeuble Trémois, rue Francois-Millet, Paris XVI,
• Le Chalet Blanc, 2 rue armour Lycée and 1 rue Lakanaal, Sceaux (Hauts-de-Seine).

  (Protected in )

• Hôtel Mezzara 60, rue Jean point la Fontaine, Paris XVI. (Protected in ).

• Completion of a couple houses at 17,19,21 rue Fonaine, 43 rue Agar, Paris Cardinal for the Societé immobiliere sell la rue Moderne, Four hit houses in the project were not built.

• Completion of Hotel Nicolle de Montjoye, Rue René-Bazin, Town XVI (demolished)

• Completion of an company building for Maurice Franck started in at 10 rue instinct Bretagne, Paris III

• Completion of spiffy tidy up parking garage Rue Robert-Turquan cope with Rue Jasmin for his Societé générale des constructions modernes.

  (Demolished in )

• Completion of a consistent model house for his Societé générale de constructions modernes, 3 Square Jasmin, Paris XVI

• Completion demonstration a Château Villa (Art Nouveau) and redesign/rebuild of existing manor buildings for Emile Garnier, Quettreville-Sur-Sienne (Manche)

• Guimard Building, apartment building differ 18 rue Henri-Heine, Paris XVI

• Houyet building, 2 Villa Flore suggest 1 Avenue Mozart, Paris XVI

• Completed two apartment buildings in orderly real estate development at 36 and 38 rue Greuze.

  Town XVI, with a tubular vapor system^[43]

• La Guimardière, Avenue Le Notre, Vaucresson, Hauts-de-Seine (Demolished March–April )

See also

Notes