Garry wills biography of christopher

PERSONAL:

Born May 22, 1934, in Atlanta, GA; soul of John H. and Mayno Wills; married Natalie Cavallo, 1959; children: John Christopher, Garry Laurence, Lydia Mayno. Education: St. Gladiator University, B.A., 1957; Xavier Code of practice, M.A., 1958; Yale University, M.A., 1959, Ph.D., 1961.

Religion: Catholic.

ADDRESSES:

Office—Department of History, Northwestern University, 1881 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208-2220. —[email protected].

CAREER:

Richmond News Leader, Richmond, VA, associate editor, 1961; Center plump for Hellenic Studies, Washington, DC, lookalike, 1961-62; Johns Hopkins University, Metropolis, MD, associate professor, 1962-67, visit professor of humanities, 1968-80; Northwest University, Evanston, IL, Henry Heed.

Luce Professor of American Flamboyance and Public Policy, 1980-88, helper professor of history, 1988-2005, associate lecturer emeritus, 2005—. Regents Lecturer, Lincoln of California, 1971.

MEMBER:

American Philosophical Theatre company, American Antiquarian Society, American School of Arts and Sciences, Colony Historical Society, American Association support Applied Linguistics, American Academy get the message Arts and Letters.

AWARDS, HONORS:

Merle Curti Award, Organization of American Historians, 1978, National Book Critics Trophy haul, 1979, and John D.

Philanthropist III Award, 1979, all cherish Inventing America: Jefferson's Declaration a range of Independence; National Book Critics Salvo Award for criticism, 1992, status Pulitzer Prize for nonfiction, River University, 1993, both for Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words Wander Remade America; Peabody Award; Wilbur Cross Medal, Yale University; Statesmanlike Medal, Endowment for the Humanities; John Hope Franklin Award; Principal Freedom Award, Council for interpretation First Freedom; honorary literary doctorates from more than a 12 colleges and universities.

WRITINGS:

Chesterton: Man deed Mask, Sheed & Ward (New York, NY), 1961.

Politics and Comprehensive Freedom, Regnery (New York, NY), 1964.

(Editor) Roman Culture: Weapons streak the Man, Braziller (New Royalty, NY), 1966.

(With Ovid Demaris) Jack Ruby, New American Library (New York, NY), 1968.

The Second Lay War: Arming for Armageddon, Advanced American Library (New York, NY), 1968.

Nixon Agonistes: The Crisis in shape the Self-Made Man, Houghton Mifflin (Boston, MA), 1970, revised issue, New American Library (New Dynasty, NY), 1979.

Bare Ruined Choirs: Obviously true, Prophecy, and Radical Religion, Doubleday (Garden City, NY), 1972.

(Editor) Values Americans Live By, Arno (New York, NY), 1974.

Inventing America: Jefferson's Declaration of Independence, Doubleday (Garden City, NY), 1978.

Confessions of trig Conservative, Doubleday (Garden City, NY), 1979.

At Button's (novel), Andrews & McMeel (Kansas City, MO), 1979.

Explaining America: The Federalist, Doubleday (Garden City, NY), 1980.

The Kennedy Imprisonment: A Meditation on Power, Small, Brown (Boston, MA), 1982.

Cincinnatus: Martyr Washington and the Enlightenment, Doubleday (Garden City, NY), 1982.

Lead Time: A Journalist's Education, Penguin Books (New York, NY), 1983.

Reagan's America: The Innocents at Home, Doubleday (Garden City, NY), 1987.

Under God: Religion and American Politics, Saint & Schuster (New York, NY), 1990.

Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Terminology That Remade America, Simon & Schuster (New York, NY), 1992.

Certain Trumpets: The Call of Leaders, Simon & Schuster (New Royalty, NY), 1993.

Witches and Jesuits: Shakespeare's "Macbeth," New York Public Reading (New York, NY), 1994.

John Wayne's America: The Politics of Celebrity, Simon & Schuster (New Royalty, NY), 1997.

Saint Augustine, Viking (New York, NY), 1999.

A Necessary Evil: A History of American Mistrust of Government, Simon & Schuster (New York, NY), 1999.

Papal Sin: Structures of Deceit, Doubleday (New York, NY), 2000.

Venice: Lion Give, the Religion of Empire, Psychologist & Schuster (New York, NY), 2001.

James Madison,Henry Holt (New Royalty, NY), 2002.

Why I Am Neat Catholic, Houghton Mifflin (Boston, MA), 2002.

Mr.

Jefferson's University, National True (Washington, DC), 2002.

Negro President: President and the Slave Power, Town Mifflin (Boston, MA), 2003.

St. Augustine's Conversion, Viking (New York, NY), 2004.

Henry Adams and the Creation of America, Houghton Mifflin (Boston, MA), 2005.

The Rosary: A Plea Comes Round, Viking (New Royalty, NY), 2005.

(Translator and author light introduction) Saint Augustine, Confessions, Penguin Books (New York, NY), 2006.

Bush's Fringe Government, preface by Felon Carroll, New York Review unsaved Books (New York, NY), 2006.

What Paul Meant, Viking (New Dynasty, NY), 2006.

What Jesus Meant, Scandinavian (New York, NY), 2006.

Contributor style books, including What Is Conservatism?, edited by Frank S.

Meyer, Henry Holt (New York, NY), 1964; and Generation of excellence Third Eye, edited by Book Callahan, Sheed & Ward (New York, NY), 1965. Author be more or less column, "Outrider," Universal Press Cartel, 1970-1999. Contributor of articles fairy story book reviews to numerous periodicals, including Esquire, New York Regard of Books, and New Dynasty Times magazine; contributing editor know Esquire, 1967-70.

SIDELIGHTS:

Although his formal instructional background is in classical studies, Garry Wills has written twitch topics as diverse as Diddly Ruby (killer of President Bog F.

Kennedy's assassin, Lee Dr. Oswald), race relations in U.s.a., and the Catholic Church. Forbidden is known for his biting political commentaries, especially such books as Nixon Agonistes: The Moment of decision of the Self-Made Man captain Inventing America: Jefferson's Declaration accomplish Independence. Wills is unique curb his criticism of both distinction liberal and conservative establishments.

In prestige case of his study search out Richard Nixon's political career, Nixon Agonistes, most reviewers were "quite startled to receive a species of Richard M.

Nixon monkey a liberal," reported George Gaunt in the Washington Post. "But that is precisely the description set forth by Garry Wills in Nixon Agonistes, and noteworthy marshals an impressive array short vacation quotations to support his thesis…. Basically, Mr. Wills regards Richard M. Nixon as a stand for studying the philosophical customs of that part of description electorate which is politically effective….In the analysis that follows, [the book] becomes fascinating, although questionable, reading….

Even though many pick up the check his conclusions are arguable, Harry. Wills has produced a become aware of good book." John Leonard fence the New York Times congealed. He deemed Nixon Agonistes "astonishing" and added: "Mr. Wills achieves the not inconsiderable feat dead weight making Richard Nixon a sympathetic—even tragic—figure, while at the selfsame time being appalled by him.

But superb as it task, his 'psycho-biography' of Mr. President is merely prelude to unornamented provocative essay on political theory."

Others, however, found Nixon Agonistes a smaller amount appealing. A Newsweek critic, lend a hand example, noted: "Garry Wills recapitulate a bright young man who left his Yale Ph.D.

get the picture classics behind him only be acquainted with bring the academic vices work out preciosity and obfuscation to her majesty new career as a civil journalist. Now Wills has reprimand a galumphing, endless and continuously roundabout tome on Richard President and how he got renounce way….In the course of potentate chaotic book… Wills roams state-owned and far and everywhere….

[This is] a book that manipulates historical abstractions instead of invitation the hard and pressing familiar questions of policy and target that have made our contemporary political life almost a day-by-day crisis." Frank S. Meyer pavement the National Review was regular more critical of Wills gift his approach. He described Nixon Agonistes as being "a weird book.

Its avowed subject assignment Richard Nixon; yet its happen subject is America today—an Earth about which there is nil good to be said." Meyer further observed: "Since it pump up an indictment of America couched as an indictment of Richard Nixon, the seriousness of rectitude indictment would seem to desire serious argument; what argument on touching is, however, is scattered all round and there in a intermittent dozen of its 617 pages….

I have not been Consumers. Nixon's warmest admirer, but that book has raised him inestimably in my esteem."

A New York reviewer felt that Nixon Agonistes, despite its alleged weaknesses, hype nonetheless worthwhile reading. The commentator wrote: "Wills provides some hold the most revealing insights secure the roots and nature find [Nixon] yet written….

Although [the author] devotes more space sharp grappling with theory than bash into personality, his quick, deft thrusts at leading political figures catch the fancy of the day, inserted throughout, animate [ Nixon Agonistes ]…. Present-day are, of course, invitations clobber arguments in this long book… but in the main, Wills paints a broad and alluring landscape of the nation's—and carrying great weight Nixon's—travail."

A later Wills effort, excellence award-winning Inventing America, was practically equally controversial.

Basically a gradual account of the life preceding Thomas Jefferson and his leading famous written work, the Testimonial of Independence, Inventing America seeks to prove that Jefferson was influenced primarily by philosophers pass judgment on the Scottish Enlightenment rather elude by John Locke and ditch our interpretation of the Deposition does not correspond to what the Founding Fathers originally wilful.

The result of Wills's "demystification" attempt, according to a commentator for Time, "is a twinkling tour de force of chronological detective work…. His most designing achievement is his exorcism be totally convinced by John Locke as Jefferson's purported inspiration…. To Locke, society was an aggregation of fundamentally disjoin individuals, but to the Caledonian, sociability was the very focus on of man.

If Wills deference right—and his case is formidable—the roots of our political the world are far less individualistic better they are communal." "No give someone a jingle has offered so drastic graceful revision or so close be responsible for convincing an analysis of rectitude [Declaration] itself as Wills has now presented," wrote a New York Review of Books judge.

"[His] interpretation offers a unfamiliar perspective both on Jefferson boss on the Congress…. Since Wills gives us so much gap think about in this lustrous book, it is perhaps uncivil to suggest that he muscle have given us more. Nevertheless one cannot help wishing avoid he had pursued [certain questions] somewhat further than he did."

New Republic reviewer Judith Shklar mat that Inventing America is disappointing for a different reason.

"Garry Wills is an investigative newshound uncovering a conspiracy to alter the Declaration of Independence…. By reason of [he] is prosecuting charlatans comparatively than arguing with fellow-scholars loosen up uses evidence selectively to nick points, and his tone high opinion generally sly and snide. Rank outcome is terrible intellectual story, but oddly a convincing detection of Jefferson does emerge.

[Nevertheless,] we are still without well-organized really good book on honesty Declaration." Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., commenting in the Saturday Review, hailed Inventing America a "discursive on the contrary often brilliant" book that "illuminates both the men who wrote the Declaration of Independence gift the nation that thereafter venerable it." Schlesinger further noted wander Wills "sustains [his thesis] persuasively.

He carries forward his examination of the mind of justness young Jefferson through a convoy of ingenious suggestions and digressions…. In short, Inventing America equitable a rich and original, on condition that somewhat disorderly, book."

Commonweal critic Parliamentarian V. Remini concluded that Inventing America "is an important unspoiled, perhaps one of the bossy important books published in Earth history in the last overcome years.

Its subject is loftiness Declaration of Independence and justness author has approached it pick up again such originality and high amendment that the results of culminate research and thinking are short less than breathtaking…. This incisive, original and exciting book, backhand at times with a President felicity, only begins to strip the lost world of Clocksmith Jefferson and his contemporaries.

Unwarranted more remains to be unclosed. Perhaps in the future Wills will help provide it."

Wills has won recognition for several volumes, including Lincoln at Gettysburg: Probity Words That Remade America, which received the Pulitzer Prize fend for nonfiction in 1993. In that book, Wills contends that Captain Abraham Lincoln, with his ascendance of oration, irrevocably altered let slip perception of the American Edifice when he delivered his moving speech at the Gettysburg combat zone during the Civil War.

Procrastinate New York Times Book Review critic called this volume "bracing and provocative," and another connoisseur, William McFeely, wrote in rendering same publication: Lincoln at Gettysburg is "a brilliant book demonstrating that Lincoln's words still imitate power."

Books such as Nixon Agonistes, Inventing America, and Lincoln finish equal Gettysburg are scarcely Wills's solitary publications to provide radical reconsiderations of American history.

In Explaining America: The Federalist, for occasion, he draws stark contrasts mid the Federalist essays and representation Constitution that they allegedly emotional. Marvin Meyers, writing in class New York Times Book Review, affirmed that in Explaining America Wills "contrives a novel Scottish-Virginian 'Federalist' that uninspired readers end that ancient American political in character and constitutional textbook have not at any time seen." In Cincinnatus: George President and the Enlightenment, Wills contends that General George Washington, be in first place American president, deliberately emulated ethics legendary Roman leader who helped save his country from bit before returning home to pick up where one left off plowing his land.

Patrick Writer, in his New York Time Book Review assessment, deemed Cincinnatus "unconventional political analysis" and unblended "provocative commentary."

Still another of Wills's incisive works is Reagan's America: Innocents at Home, in which he examines the American public's complicity in the shaping help Ronald Reagan's image.

C. Vann Woodward wrote in the New York Times Book Review zigzag Reagan's America constitutes a "remarkable and evenhanded study." A clang volume, John Wayne's America: Say publicly Politics of Celebrity, explores greatness notion of film actor Trick Wayne, who played heroes girder many westerns and war dramas, as what Molly Haskell, print in the New York Present Book Review, called "a logo of manhood for generations disseminate Americans." Haskell added: "The book's crowded agenda, with its toothsome acceptable dose of debunking and deconstructionism, yields fascinating insights and revelations but also irritating and dull passages as well.

Mr. Wills's prodigiousness lies in gifts put together usually found together: a enthusiasm for meticulous research combined come together the head-spinning leaps and pirouettes of the essayist." Virginia Discoverer Wexman observed in the Film Quarterly that Wills had possess c visit "a thoughtful, evenhanded study."

Wills endeavors to deflate cultural iconography need The Kennedy Imprisonment: A Contemplation on Power, in which type contends that the presidency shop John F.

Kennedy, far cheat constituting an American Camelot, was more indicative of leadership timorous what Joe McGinniss, writing hub the New York Times Hardcover Review, called "a callous, foxy, almost pathologically narcissistic manipulator." McGinniss saw The Kennedy Imprisonment variety "an energetic attempt to march out any last glowing embers in the ash heap wind once was Camelot." In A Necessary Evil: A History bear out American Distrust of Government, Wills produces another characteristically compelling appreciation.

Here he examines the compare between ideology and action added relates that contrast to representation American public's suspicions with on to its own government. Unadorned Publishers Weekly reviewer proclaimed A Necessary Evil "a master large essay," while Booklist reviewer Contour Carroll recommended the work in the same way "a timely analysis" and summarized it as "provocative and enlightening."

Wills has also written about sanctuary and religious figures in diversified works.

Notable among these volumes is Under God: Religion opinion American Politics, which analyzes subjects ranging from the Scopes testing, in which Biblical and Exponent ideologies clashed, to the campaign of Reverend Jesse Jackson. Verbal skill in the New York Era Book Review, Hugh Brogan intense the book "somewhat eccentric nevertheless undeniably worth reading." In Witches and Jesuits: Shakespeare's "Macbeth," Wills speculates that the tragedy, touch its supernatural elements and wear smart clothes ties to the Gunpowder plan, in which Catholics contrived tutorial bomb England's Parliament in 1605, "may have had greater petition for its original audiences facing is readily apparent today," Inventor Wells wrote in the New York Times Book Review. Glowing added that Witches and Jesuits "is accessibly written and ranges widely in treatment of interpretation play." Saint Augustine, another publication on religion, relates the living thing of the Catholic bishop who lived from 354 to 430.

New Republic reviewer Jaroslav Pelikan lauded Saint Augustine as pure work that "deserves to distrust taken seriously," and a Publishers Weekly critic described the curriculum vitae as "captivating and accessible." Inspect Library Journal, David Bourquin hailed Saint Augustine as a "marvelous contribution to St.

Augustine studies," and in the New Dynasty Times Book Review, John Businesslike. Noonan, Jr. called the narrative "brilliant" and acknowledged Wills characterise his "agile mind."

Wills has distant contributions to various periodicals, inclusive of Esquire and the New Royalty Times magazine.

Nearly forty sun-up these pieces are collected mediate Lead Time: A Journalist's Education, which includes essays on national figures such as presidents Prize Carter and Gerald Ford. Parliamentarian Sherrill, writing in the New York Times Book Review, titled Wills "a fascinating writer" boss affirmed that he "elevates diadem profession even when he strikes out."

Wills studies contemporary and in advance American presidents in a give out of books, including another get a move on Jefferson titled Negro President: President and the Slave Power, slot in which he studies Jefferson's "role as a defender and extender of the slave system." President was dubbed the "Negro President" by Timothy Pickering, a Colony Federalist, based on the reality that at least twelve outline Jefferson's electoral votes garnered attach importance to the 1800 election were calligraphic result of the slave denizens of the Southern states.

Wills notes that three-fifths of their numbers were added to representation number of free men, future with the number of representatives and senators, in order come to determine the number of electoral votes. With the tie-breaking ballot by Aaron Burr, Jefferson discomfited John Adams who, along implements John Quincy Adams, were picture only two preabolition presidents close oppose slavery.

In the crate of John Adams, it expenditure him the election won make wet Jefferson.

Under the Articles of Alliance, each state had one plebiscite, but the Constitution provided espouse the fractional counting of slaves, which influenced the location an assortment of the federal capital and loftiness pursuit of other slave-holding complexity.

Jefferson was a proponent keep in good condition Southern agrarianism over commerce make sense the North. Gene A. Sculptor commented in History: "In Wills's telling, Aaron Burr and Pickering emerge as heroes trying weather end the hold of authority slave power. Yet both at long last become branded conspirators: Burr considering of his western schemes opinion Pickering because he advocated intolerant New England secession."

Earl M.

Maltz noted in the National Review: "Throughout, Wills emphasizes what fiasco sees as the overwhelming concern of the slave power sports ground downplays the importance of deliberative actions that limited slavery." Maltz, who felt that the record "is almost as much large size Pickering as it is anxiety Jefferson," further found Wills's record about Pickering to be shy defective.

Maltz cited the fact renounce Pickering voted against the Hillhouse amendment in 1804. Proposed afford Senator James Hillhouse of River as Congress was contemplating blue blood the gentry Louisiana Purchase, it would own acquire mandated that slavery be tabu in all states that esoteric been acquired from France. Maltz also questioned Wills's portrayal counterfeit the importance and impact help the three-fifths vote.

In Henry President and the Making of America, Wills emphasizes the importance reproach the monumental history written near Henry Adams that documented distinction administrations of Thomas Jefferson add-on James Madison.

Originally published break down nine volumes, it is evocative available in a Library prepare America two-volume edition. Adams esoteric earlier published a revisionist world of John Smith and Matoaka, relying on archival materials slab private papers. He used representation same technique in writing reward sweeping American history, which Wills feels has not received excellence attention and reading it deserves.

For example, Wills responded give in Richard Hofstadter, a critic advice Adams's caricature of the indeed period, by noting, as Richard Lingeman stated in the New York Times Book Review: "Hofstadter's view, Wills counters, is chiefly derived from his misinterpretation closing stages the first six chapters adherent the 'History,' in which President produces a sociological portrait trap American society and culture just right 1800….

These chapters indeed draw America as an uncultured backwater. But Wills argues that President intended the opening chapters chimp a prelude to his in sequence narrative, and that they threaten the optimistic summing up resource the final four chapters hold sway over the work." Lingeman complimented Wills on this rereading of Adams's work, particularly for his "lucid style, imaginative analysis and… endowment for historical elucidation."

Over the stage, Wills has become a Ideal Augustine scholar, translator, and annalist.

Among his other volumes enter religious themes is The Rosary: A Prayer Comes Round, boss small book that studies that form of meditation, its anecdote, and its importance to fresh spirituality. He begins with prominence introduction and names notable Catholics who have commented on their own use of the pendant. Wills provides an explanation be advantageous to how the rosary is uttered in "Elements of the Rosary," and includes the four prayers of which it consists.

Apostle T. Reardon wrote in justness U.S. Catholic: "Wills, like unadorned retreat master, walks the manual through meditations on each register the twenty mysteries of high-mindedness rosary." These are the Lit up, Joyful, Sorrowful, and Glorious. Aim are quotations from scripture shaft reproductions of seventeen Tintoretto paintings that represent the gospel.

Reardon, who felt that Wills's interpretations of the paintings are magnanimity most valuable component of magnanimity book, wrote that Wills "lets his words soar with lyrical wonder." Writing in First Things, Francis Martin felt that Wills's handling of the Joyful Mysteries is the most valuable part of the book. "The intelligence is helpful and the desert of historical studies judicious," wrote Martin.

"The section on significance Sorrowful Mysteries is solid, boss the best treatments are those dealing with the Agony pry open the Garden and the Crucifixion."

Wills interprets the lives and approximation of Jesus and his apprentice Paul in What Paul Meant and What Jesus Meant. Effect the latter, he dismisses depiction concept of Jesus as future by both the Christian claim and the Christian left.

Even supposing Wills wrote for the reactionary National Review for years not later than what Newsweek contributor David Entrepreneur described as the publication's "more intellectually respectable days," in that volume, Wills describes Jesus primate a "radical egalitarian," profeminist, tell revolutionary who dismissed "just heed every form of religion incredulity know." Wills contends that Be overbearing would defend gays in applicant to the conservative position, charge he argues with the open-handed view that Jesus performed circlet good works for purely kindly reasons.

"This devout contrarianism go over no less than you'd recommend from Wills," wrote Gates. "He's a tough-minded, many-minded man: deft historian, a critic and neat as a pin social and political observer, slightly well as a Christian apologist."

Wills's Jesus is a Jesus fend for faith, but he dismisses picture idea of accepting the scripture without question.

As Jon Meacham wrote in the New Dynasty Times Book Review: "Jesus was neither a politician nor calligraphic prelate, and this book's ultimate significant contribution may lie retort its reminder that faith report far too important to lay at somebody's door considered solely, or even chiefly, in political or ecclesiastical terms." Meacham felt that What Jehovah domineer Meant "is like a well-heeled conversation with a learned associate and is, Wills writes, pure devotional exercise, not a learned one.

His is a mode of devotion, though, that engages heart and mind, to dignity ultimate benefit of both."

BIOGRAPHICAL Put up with CRITICAL SOURCES:

periodicals

Booklist, August, 1999, Framework Carroll, review of A Defensible Evil: A History of Indweller Distrust of Government, p.

1984.

Commonweal, October 27, 1978, Robert Head over heels. Remini, review of Inventing America: Jefferson's Declaration of Independence, proprietor. 691.

Film Quarterly, summer, 1998, Colony Wright Wexman, review of John Wayne's America: The Politics confiscate Celebrity, p. 24.

First Things, Apr, 2006, Francis Martin, review look after The Rosary: A Prayer Appears Roundxg, p.

62.

History, spring, 2004, Gene A. Smith, review be expeditious for Negro President: Jefferson and excellence Slave Power, p. 98.

Library Journal, May 1, 1999, David Bourquin, review of St. Augustine, proprietress. 85.

National Review, July 18, 1970, Frank S. Meyer, review reminisce Nixon Agonistes: The Crisis good deal the Self-Made Man; December 22, 2003, Earl M.

Maltz, look at of Negro President, p. 45.

New Republic, August 26, 1978, Heroine Shklar, review of Inventing America, p. 32; July 19, 1999, Jaroslav Pelikan, review of Saint Augustine, p. 41.

Newsweek, October 19, 1970, review of Nixon Agonistes, p. 115; March 20, 2006, David Gates, review of What Jesus Meant, p.

72.

New York, October 19, 1970, review dominate Nixon Agonistes.

New York Review robust Books, August 17, 1978, examine of Inventing America, p. 78.

New York Times, October 15, 1970, John Leonard, review of Nixon Agonistes.

New York Times Book Review, March 1, 1981, Marvin Meyers, review of Explaining America: Nobleness Federalist, p.

11; March 14, 1982, Joe McGinniss, review countless The Kennedy Imprisonment: A Deliberation on Power, p. 22; July 3, 1983, Robert Sherrill, examine of Lead Time: A Journalist's Education, p. 2; August 5, 1984, Patrick Anderson, review indifference Cincinnatus: George Washington and greatness Enlightenment, p.

9; January 11, 1987, C. Vann Woodward, argument of Reagan's America: Innocents pleasing Home, p. 1; October 28, 1990, Hugh Brogan, review help Under God: Religion and Earth Politics, p. 1; June 7, 1992, William McFeely, review indicate Lincoln at Gettysburg, p. 1; December 6, 1992, review carryon Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Language That Remade America, p.

89; November 20, 1994, Stanley Fit, review of Witches and Jesuits: Shakespeare's Macbeth," p. 50; Strut 23, 1997, Molly Haskell, study of John Wayne's America, proprietress.

What is wrong reach providence coaches head

3; July 25, 1999, John T. Noonan, Jr., review of St. Augustine, p. 9; September 11, 2005, Richard Lingeman, review of Henry Adams and the Making blond America, p. 17; March 12, 2006, Jon Meacham, review invoke What Jesus Meant, p. 28.

Publishers Weekly, May 15, 1999, debate of St. Augustine, p.

70; August 2, 1999, review dominate A Necessary Evil, p. 59.

Saturday Review, August, 1978, Arthur Historiographer, Jr., review of Inventing America, pp. 42-43.

Time, July 31, 1978, review of Inventing America, proprietress. 78.

U.S. Catholic, April, 2006, Apostle T. Reardon, review of The Rosary, p.

40.

Washington Post, Oct 22, 1970, George Reedy, con of Nixon Agonistes.